Review of Related Literature - 3694 Words

Research Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation against mosquitoesVirendra K Dua1 , Akhilesh C Pandey1 , Kamaraju Raghavendra2 , Ashish Gupta1 , Trilochan Sharma1 and Aditya P Dash2 1 National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Sector-III, BHEL, Hardwar 249043, India2 National Institute of Malaria Research, 22 Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, Indiaauthor email corresponding author emailMalaria Journal 2009, 8:124doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-124The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/8/1/124 Received: | 8 March 2009 | Accepted: | 8 June 2009 | Published: | 8 June 2009 |  © 2009 Dua et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an†¦show more content†¦Numerous plant products have been reported either as insecticides for killing larvae or adult mosquitoes or as repellents for mosquito biting and are one of the best alternatives for mosquito control [2,3].Neem trees, (Azadirachta indica) native of India, belonging to family Meliaceae are fast growing evergreen trees ranging in height from 12 – 24 m. They are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including semi-arid and wet- tropical regions [4]. Neem seeds contain approximately 99 biologically active compounds of which azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin and nimbolides are major molecules. Many of these derived products have antifeedancy, ovicidal activity, fecundity suppression besides insect growth regulation and repellency against insects [5-10]. Neem products have low toxicity to birds, fish and mammals and are less likely to induce resistance due to their multiple mode of action on insects. In addition to this, i nsect growth regulatory activity of neem weakens the cuticle defence system of the larvae causing easy penetration of pathogenic organisms into insect system. Azadirachtin, a biologically active compound has been promoted as a new insecticide that is considered more eco- friendly than synthetic insecticides. The pesticidal efficacy, environmental safetyShow MoreRelatedReview of Related Literature1643 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Related Literature The review of related literatures of this study is made here in the Philippines and in abroad. It is acquired from the internet and unpublished theses. It is nearly related on the relationship of computer game addiction to interpersonal relationship to adolescents especially, K-12 students. To enrich the background on the subject of the researcher, the literatures that were found are here in presented. A. Foreign Studies Based from the study of Mark Griffiths (2007)Read MoreReview of Related Literature668 Words   |  3 PagesReview of Related Literature This section deals with the literature and reading related to the variable of the study. This section also aims to show previous studies of money management which served as the fundamental assumption for the methodology used in the study. Sources of information were taken from the internet, books, journals, magazines, and newspapers. The money management and financial capabilities of CBAE students in the University of Mindanao reading helps the researchers in seeing theRead MoreReview of Related Literature1454 Words   |  6 PagesREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This investigatory project aims to make use of rambutan peeling extracts that is high in phenolic compounds such as tannin and saponin that exhibits antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Although the seeds contain such compounds the peeling exhibit greater amount of the said compounds. Rambutan is a very popular fruit cultivated in the Philippines and it is eaten in large amounts. The rambutans rind is quickly discarded andRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies1403 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Studies rely on information researched by the proponents. Review of Related Literature In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technologicalRead MoreReview Of Related Literature And Studies1438 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This part of the study contains related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth research of the researcher. Related Literatures come from both Foreign and Local published literatures that became the basis for the researcher to pursue this study. Related Studies come from both Foreign and Local Studies that has relationship or in relation on her study. Foreign Literature Culture-shaping is a methodological and comprehensive approachRead MoreReview Of Related Literature And Studies Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This part of the study contains related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth research of the researcher. Related literatures come from both foreign and local published literatures that became the basis for the researcher to pursue this study. Related studies come from both foreign and local studies that has relationship or in relation on her study. Foreign Literature Culture-shaping is a methodological and comprehensive approachRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies1069 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES LOCAL LITERATURE Josefina Estolas in the book Fundamentals of Research (1995). In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technologicalRead MoreReview of Related Foreign Literature1844 Words   |  8 PagesREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. It contains a review of books and studies on the subject matter conducted here and abroad and their relation to the present research. The researcher looked for a number of foreign and local studies and some related literatures that have either direct or indirect bearing to the study. Foreign Literature Student Retention Policy Department of Special Education, Counseling, and Student AffairsRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies3079 Words   |  13 PagesREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Several studies have been conducted here and abroad which have a direct and indirect bearing on the subject to be investigated in this study. A brief review of the related literature and studies are presented hereunder. Literature In the present educational system, studies based on the achievement levels of elementary and secondary students revealed that the equality of education has deteriorated over the years. In a recent UNESCO statistics Barsaga (2000)Read MoreReview Of Related Literature And Studies1921 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Various publications and studies related to the topic being studied were read and analyzed by the researcher to support the claims presented by this study. 2.1 Mobile Robot According to Al-Sahib (2015), the term robot is derived from the Czech word â€Å"robota† which means forced labor. Goris (2004) also said that a robot can be defined as a device that can execute automated tasks, either with the influence of direct human control, or a set of general

Analysis Of CNN Architecture - 770 Words

Similarly, Perlin [12] systematically used a CNN to extract high-level information from images and videos in the form of soft biometrics. Focusing on faces and people gender recognition, this approach combines convolution techniques, evolutionary computing, and clustering methods. Basically, he proposed the optimization of a predefined CNN architecture by adjusting its weights in an unsupervised way. Initially, the CNN architecture is trained by the classical gradient-based algorithm. Extracted features are grouped by a clustering process and each group is evolved by the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. The weights of the CNN are then updated in an unsupervised way to represent the evolved feature vectors. The proposal of clustering†¦show more content†¦These stages represent the network from input to pooling, pooling to pooling, and pooling to output layers. Using this proposal, CNNs evolved by the GA resulted in very different architectures when compared with hand-de signed ones, but often with a better performance. However, a major disadvantage of the proposed framework is the training process, which has to be done from scratch for every evolved new architecture. Fixed-size convolutional blocks also limit the proposed method by not incorporating multi-scaling analysis, and this issue will be present in most of the direct encoded methods designed for this task. Another direct encoding scheme to design CNN architectures is proposed by Masanori et al. [14]. They created new network architectures based on genetic programming. More specifically, a Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) encoding scheme that represents the network structure and its connectivity. The main advantage of the proposed method is the flexibility, exploring variable-length architectures and skipping connections resulted in non-standard CNN architectures. To evaluate each architecture evolved by the CGP, they used the validation dataset performance as fitness to the evolutionary programming method. They also used predefined structural blocks called highly functional modules. Using these modules, they simulate the behavior ofShow MoreRelatedHyperspectral Image Classification1485 Words   |  6 PagesClassification is a principle technique in hyperspectral images (HSI) analysis, where a label is assigned to each pixel based on its characteristics. Applying machine learning te chniques to these datasets need special consideration, since the hyperspectral images are typically represented by features vectors of extremely high dimensions. A robust HSI classification requires a prudent combination of deep feature extractor and powerful classifier. In the last one decade, extensive classification methodsRead MoreExample Of Hyperpectral Image Classification1730 Words   |  7 Pages[12]–[17]. In here, we just emphasize the most recent prominent technique in HSI. A. Dimensionality Reduction With regard to the issue that we are following, there are another popular examples based on dimensional reduction studies, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Random Projection (RP) that can project the data matrix into another space which is lower dimensional rather than original space [18]. Structurally, in these methods we lose the structural information about original features and thus the projectedRead MoreThe Deregulation Of The Electrical Power Industry1682 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems faced by electrical energy industry. This paper presents the performance analysis of various neural networks (NN) for short term price forecasting. Several NN models are trained and tested on the half-hourly data from Australian Energy Market and their performances have been compared. Overall findings suggest that the value of mean absolute percentage Error (MAPE) in the case of 3-Layered cascaded neural network (CNN) is better than other proposed models. Keywords— Short term price forecastingRead MoreThe Effects Of Network Attacks On The Internet905 Words   |  4 Pagesreaching over 600,000 devices, the infected devices spread across the globe ultimately crippled the Domain Naming System (DNS) services provided by Dyn, also known as Dynamic Network Services, Inc. In total, companies such as Netflix, Twitter, Reddit, CNN and many others were brought down for at least 24 hours (Woolf, 2016). There is much to learn about the attack and how simple devices which bring â€Å"connectivity† to the home can be a major security hazard for the larger Internet population. Breach SpecificsRead MoreConvolutional Networks1451 Words   |  6 PagesConvolutional neural networks (CNN) are a recent method used in image segmentation. CNNs are semantic processes that determine the meanings of images by viewing their wholes and their parts. For example, during the training phase, a CNN might be given several images of cars, but it might also be given images of tires and headlights. One method for implementing CNNs is pooling. Figure 3 in an article by Long, Shelhamer and Darrel (2014), illustrates images being gradually divided into larger blocksRead MoreThe Importance Of Genetic Diversity749 Words   |  3 Pagesfor efficient utilization in crop improvement. Characterization of genetic diversity and population structure of natural crop species populations is important for germplasm conservation, utilization for breeding, and to understand trait genetic architecture (Djà ¨ et al. 2000; Manzelli et al. 2007; Soler et al. 2012; Hu et al. 2015). The genetics of local and clinal adaptation has been widely studied using population genomic approaches (Umina et al. 2005; Zhen and Ungerer 2007; Samis et al. 2012; YoderRead MoreConvolutional Networking Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesnetworks are thoroughly trained with enough data subject to specified tasks such as image processing or pattern recognizing, they could obtain image representations spanning several datasets. The paper lucidly presents general feature presentation through CNNs and the underlying behavior behind obtaining content and style representations. It also mathematically presents that style and content representations can be distinguished from each other in order to produce r esultant images that vary in the levelRead MoreMulti Label Semantic Relation Classification1378 Words   |  6 Pagesis a keynote in the field of Natu-ral Language Processing (NLP) to mine information from text facing problems of over-reliance on the standard of handcrafted features. Features annotated by specialists and lin-guistic data derived from linguistic analysis modules is expen-sive and ends up with the difficulty of error propagation. Rela-tion extraction plays a crucial role in extracting struc-tured data from unstructured sources like raw text. One might want to seek out interactions between medicinesRead MoreGlobal Climate Change Is A Real And Serious Issue999 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately these debates are still covered through social media sources, such as Fox News and CNN. Presently, these types of debates over whether global climate change and its direct correlation to human induced activities has ceased to continue, and how can anyone argue against when the re are several scientists and sources with thorough research. Rather, several organizations have provided more in-depth analysis on the detrimental effects of the increase of greenhouse gases, to include carbon dioxideRead MoreThe Japanese 2011 Tsunami844 Words   |  3 Pagesand tsunamis (Moore). All this knowledge did not go to waste. Japan is significantly prepared for earthquakes. In fact, most of the damage was caused by the tsunami and not the earthquake. One of the ways Japan is prepared for earthquakes is the architecture of all modern buildings. They are built with deep foundations and held up by shock absorbers that, â€Å"allow the structure to move with the earth, rather than against it† (McCurry). Because of the building regulations, there was minimal damage done

The Internet In The Modern Classroom free essay sample

Examining the benefits and drawbacks of the Internet and the World Wide Web in the modern classroom. A discussion of the potential and reality, both positive and negative, regarding the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web in the modern classroom. The author defines the Internet, and evaluates its place in the field of Education and instructional technology, as well as how it is affecting society in general. The paper discusses the responsibility of the teacher to understand the Internet, its value in the classroom, and how to incorporate in daily lessons. Includes detailed arguments for and against the use of the Web in the education system, providing many examples for each case. The human need for current information and knowledge continues to grow as each year passes, and is presently as high as it has ever been. At the center of this basic need is the Internet, a system of linked computer networks, worldwide in scope, that facilitate the transfer of data (Hackbrath 192), and the World Wide Web, a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents containing text, graphic, audio, video, and other types of files (Hackbrath 192). We will write a custom essay sample on The Internet In The Modern Classroom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Internet and the Web have already changed the way modern society lives and functions, and will continue to do so as they evolve further.

Reflection on Statistics Learning Goals

Table of Contents Introduction Descriptive Statistics Correlation Hypothesis Testing Future Plans Conclusion References Introduction Statistical knowledge is important to both statisticians and non-statisticians (Broers, 2006). It is, therefore, recommended that people from all disciplines are given basic skills in statistics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on Statistics Learning Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For this reason, I pursued this course to obtain quantitative skills to be applied and improved on in several ways. In this regard, I hoped to obtain knowledge in designing of experiments, collection and analysis of data, interpretation of results as well as drawing of conclusions (Broers, 2006). Descriptive Statistics Today I can proudly say that my learning objectives were well met. I now have a clear understanding of statistical applications. I know how to collect, organize and de scribe data. I can apply measures of central tendency such as mean, mode and median in data description. I can also use measures of dispersion such as standard deviation and variance to describe data. In addition, I have clear knowledge of normal distributions as well as the conditions to be met for a distribution to be considered normal (Broers, 2006). Correlation Through this course, am able to determine a relationship between two sets of data. I can identify dependent and independent variables and the kind of relationship that exist between them. I can tell if one variable has a causal effect on the other. Furthermore, am able to identify positive, negative and minimal correlations (Broers, 2006). Hypothesis Testing In most cases, it is difficult to collect data on a whole population (Chance, 2002). In this regard, I have obtained necessary skills in sampling techniques. I have skills to analyze data from a sample and make conclusions regarding the entire population by using stat istical probabilities and test of hypothesis. In hypothesis testing, one tries to establish whether the outcomes of a certain study are due to chance or identifiable cause (Chance, 2002). Knowledge in application of significance level, critical value, degrees of freedom and p-value is used. One has to be able to formulate the null and the alternative hypotheses (Chance, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I am now in a position to use t-test to determine if there are statistically significant differences between two sets of data. In this regard, I understand the required assumptions for t-test to be applied. I have a clear understanding of analysis of variance (ANOVA), both one-way and two-way. I, however, feel that more practice in all these applications will help me perfect my understanding (Chance, 2002). Future Plans This course has given me a clear understanding of the role of statistics in life. Statistics is the most used research tool in medicine, education, psychology, business and economics, among other fields (Rumsey, 2002). It helps in shaping people’s choices in their daily lives. For example, statistical findings can give a clear understanding of implications of some behaviors such as smoking and lead to corrective measures. I have always wanted to build a strong career in research. After taking this course, I have now made up my minds to major in statistics. I wish to have advanced skills in statistics which will enable me handle and analyze large and complex research problems. In this case, the knowledge I have already obtained will give me a head start. Conclusion The objectives I hoped to attain by pursuing this cause have been well achieved. Am now able to design experiments as well as collect, analyze and interpret data. I can apply this knowledge in real life situations and draw conclusions that will help find solutions to s ome problems. However, this course has given me energy to pursue further knowledge in statistics. For this reason, I intend to major in statistics to be in a better position to handle more complex research problems. References Broers, N. J. (2006). Learning goals: the primacy of statistical knowledge. Maastricht: Maastricht University. Chance, B. L. (2002). Components of statistical thinking and implications for instruction and assessment. Journal of Statistics Education, 10(3): 15-19.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on Statistics Learning Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rumsey, D. J. (2002). Statistical literacy as a goal for introductory statistics courses. Journal of Statistics Education, 10(3): 7-13 This essay on Reflection on Statistics Learning Goals was written and submitted by user Damion Rivera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.