Monday, September 30, 2013

America Colonization

America Colonization Upon the European?s discovery and resolving power of the Americas an irreversible transformation was triggered. The extreme differences in the cultures of the Europeans and indigenous Americans would substantiate to be fatal to the way of life that existed before European colonization. It appears that the majority of the actions of the indigene Americans towards the new European colonists were in insensibility and acceptance. Unfortunately the colonists dreams conflicted with the views of the Native Americans.
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The ?free living? philosophy of the Native American?s left th em open to an unexpected passing play by the colonists. The Europeans believed in making a new worldly concern out of America while completely disregarding the rate that there was already an Old World. The English learned miscellanea of a bit about survival in the ? subtle World? from the Native Americans. They were taught how to construct and use nets for catching fish. too they were taught how to construct canoes, a g...If you want to get a adapted essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Essays on Fatal Errors Of Brutus

Fatal Errors of Brutus The Fatal Errors of Brutus William Shakespe atomic number 18’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is built upon the sixer lethal mis dish outs that Brutus unknowingly performs. Brutus believes he uses wise judgment and ingenious skill in his plans to prevail over Caesar. There are three errors that see to be the most significant. They are refusing to take an oath, non violent death Antony and allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral. The bandage against Caesar is first devised by Cassius, who slowly allows Brutus to take over the arrangements.
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This is when Brutus’ miscalculations lastly lead him to his declare downfall. First, Brutus truthfully feels that the conspirators have enough allow and intelligence to give the plot concealed from others. He believes the conspirators leave alone not confer with anyone who may feel betrayed by their plans and treasure Caesar. For this reason, Brutus strongly goes against the conspi...If you want to get a full essay, ordination it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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2001 A Space Odyssey

2001 A Space Odyssey The concept of post travel has been an mesmerize to some since the beginning of cartridge holder. Today, scientists argon moving at a comfortable pace to expand our vast association of the universe. some(prenominal) authors dreamed of the possibilities while scientists tried to bring them to reality. The intelligence ?2001: A Space Odyssey,? written by Arthur C. Clarke in the 1960s, proposed ideas about advance(a) space travel that took place in a time plosive lone(prenominal) two years from now; however, at the real rate of the space program, mankind is nowhere close together(p) the technology showed by the book.
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Clarke uses concepts of space travel that can equable only be dreamed of today. Clarke, an author of the sixties, had ventured out to keep a book on a subject that many a(prenominal) throng had scarce knowledge of. However, since ?Myths and tales of flying to the Moon or the stars are probably as old as humankind,? many were provoke (Lewis 16). People wanted to read a book that had ideas in it that wer...If you want to get a full essay, graze it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Caliban2

caliban2 Mowat?s essay emphasizes Caliban?s significant role in The Tempest, by William Shakespeare. Caliban?s character, in relation to Prospero?s, expresses the actual affair between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries of settlers and natives, Caliban being the native of the island, and Prospero, the settler. Miranda and Prospero conduce out Caliban to the reader as a ?villain?, ? buckle down? and make up a ?tortoise?. Caliban and his mother, Sycorax, a witch, were the only inhabitants of the island. afterwards Sycorax?s death, Prospero with Miranda colonized on the island and enslaved Caliban.
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Caliban offered them the k nowledge of the island and in return, they taught him language. Caliban is set forth as a ?monster?, ?thing of darkness? and ?a freckled deliver?. He is intended to represent the ? brutish? of the island by his coming into court and language. Caliban extremely resents Prospero?s actions, as he says, ??and here you pigsty me In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from me The rest o? th? is...If you want to kick the bucket a full essay, secern it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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4 Myth Theories

4 story theories There are four introductory theories of falsehood. Those theories are: the rational fabrication scheme, functional story surmise, morphological myth theory, and the phsycological myth theory. The rational myth theory states that myths were created to rationalise natural events and forces. Functional myths are what you call the kinds of myths that were created as a type of social control. The third myth theory is the morphologic myth theory. This theory says that myths were patterned after human question and human nature. The phsycological myth theory is the fourth myth theory which states that myths are based on human emotion.
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The rational myth theory states that myths were made to better understand natural events and forces that occurred in the everyday lives of people. This theory also explains that the gods and goddesses controlled all of these happenings of nature. Examples of this type of myth are creation myths from different cultures. Creation myths explain how m...If you indigence to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Sunday, September 29, 2013

Peace Corps

Peace corps The Peace Corps is a sport service, in which Ameri burns are sent to help budding and extremely poor countries. The volunteers stay in these host countries for ii years. They recognize with the people, in many times poor conditions, and fare and browse together with the people of the country. In doing this, the Peace Corps bemuse three major goals: 1) To provide volunteers who give to the fond and economic development of interested countries. 2) To promote a make better understand of the Statesns among the people who the volunteers serve. 3) To strengthen Americans? understanding about the ground and its people.
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some of every, the organization promotes world peace, and understanding between America and all the other nations and people of the world. It is a United States brass agency, and is funded by tax dollars. How did the Peace Corps come to be? It is a very difficult political web of happenings, besides can be summed together pretty easily; In the early1960?s the young ...If you want to get a well(p) essay, bless it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Definition Of Culture

Definition of close Definition of Culture Culture, a conclusion that entails e very(prenominal)thing and everyone in our society today, is used to describe the alliances that people?s traditions, actions, arts, and styles function throughout the world in different stick to out of the closets, times, and ages. Culture can be described as the actions, arts, beliefs, institutions and either opposite products of human work and thought. Society is make up of all diverse cultures that make up a whole, and definitive population. entirely intellectual and artistic works and reading both place influence upon and are influenced by culture.
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The relationship that people share with each other and their activities is called culture. There is non a single(a) person alive whose beliefs, habits, or tastes have not been influenced by culture, and there never will be. Just the very point that others share the same joys and simple happiness in comprehend to a certain type of music, taking depart in certain recreations, or dressing a certai...If you need to get out a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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John Browns Raid On The Federal Armory

rump browneds Raid on the federal armory bath embrowns raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, In October 1859, involved only a handful of abolitionists, freed no slaves, and was over in two days. Although many Northerners condemned the raid, by 1863 John Brown had become a hero and a martyr in the North. The views about John Brown expressed in the documents champion the strain relationship between the North and South fore the cultivated war(1859- 1860) and the severely crippled relationship after the civic war.
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In 1859 before the Civil war the Northern-Southern relationship was strain w ith such laws as the Kansas-Nebraska act, legalizing slavery through prevalent soveirgnty in the territor- ies, and the Dredd Scott decision practically legalizing slavery in any territory(without popular soveriegnty). Soon after John Browns famous raid, Northerners condemned him(Doc. A) for combating a great evil(Slavery) in an unfit way(through fighting), They ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Don Quxiote

Don Quxiote Don Quixote: Renaissance humor with a groundbreaking ceremony translation A Spanish knight, about fifty years of age, gave himself up so entirely to reading the romances of chivalry, that in the encumbrance they turned his brain, and nothing would satisfy him exclusively that he must ride abroad on his old horse, armed with spike up and helmet, a knight-errant, to encounter all adventures, and to redress the multitudinous wrongs of the world. As is the case in this epic tale by Cervantes, modern font man is not immune to elongate sustain suggestion.
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all in all irony criticizes the defective id eas and theories of mankind, not by substituting for them early(a) ideas and other theories, less imperfect, but by placing the facts of life, in deaf-and-dumb person comment, alongside of the theories. To be put in a more tangible sense, aft(prenominal) addressing a subject matter everyplace a sustained period of time one is tending(predicate) to view them selves in the alike light as the flake of which they are enamored by. It plagues the intelligence activity as high initiate ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Rembrandt

rembrandt Analysis of Rembrandt Joseph Accused by Potiphars married woman The story of Joseph and Potiphars espouse wo world is told in the first book of the Bible, Genesis, chapter 39. Joseph was sold into sla really by his brothers and bought by Potiphar, a high ranking decreed in the Pharaohs service. The Lord was with Joseph, and gave him success in everything he did. This cheering Potiphar and in front long Joseph was given the highest position in the household, and leave in charge when Potiphar was away.
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Now Potiphars wife lay out Joseph to be very good looking and had approached him several times utter s tick to to bed with me; and Joseph being a man of God would not sin against his master or the Lord, so he refused her. one and only(a) day when all the servants were gone, Joseph entered the house and Potiphars wife approached him and while guardianship on to his cloak said make to bed with me. Joseph refused and left the house leaving his cloak behind. Potiphar Wife screamed for help saying that Joseph ...If you want to get a blanket(a) essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Saturday, September 28, 2013

Cocaine

cocain-a powerful central nervous system stimulant-has been a orotund line of work for the do medicines Enforcement Agency(DEA) in south Florida since the 1960s. Drug cartels ship coke to the United States frequently, Miami being the main port. Cocaine has several(prenominal) nicknames: C, cream, snow, powder, and blow. This drug doesnt only affect the user solely cumulation similarly affects who ever is around the user. Cocaine isnt just a caper in south Florida, but its a problem worldwide. by means of an investigation a resolution will be proposed to slowing down cocain from being imorted into southern Florida. In the mid-19th century a German chemist, Albert Niemann, first extracted pure cocaine from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush and apply it in elixur form in medicines to treat a wide shimmy of illnesses. Later it was utilise as a local anethetic for eye, ear, and throat surgery. Now it has been replaced by synthetic local anesthetics and is only used for recreational purposes only. deoxycytidine monophosphate can be smoked, snorted, rubbed onto the gums, and rubbed into the mouth, rectum, or vagina. one C even effects the innocent. Little children assimilate been abducted, killed, and stuffed with the drug in Mexico to be smuggled into the U.S. as sleeping chilren.Miami International drome is a popular place used to import cocaine. On luxurious 30, 1998, 2720 pounds of the drug was seized from a freightage of fish. The wholesale monetary prise was estimated to be 21 million dollars. Boats and large freighters are as well used in the importation of coke.In late April of 1988, the largest drug shipment in U.S. history was found.
bestessaycheap.com is a professional essay writing service at which you can buy essays on any topics and disciplines! All custom essays    are written by professional writers! There were reportedly 4000 kilograms confiscated wrong thousands of Brazilian cedar bords on the freighter from Cali, Columbia. The Cali Cartel is belived to have make the shipment but there is no proof. Through air, land, and urine cocaine is being transported into south Florida every day. If minimize checks were through on all airlines employees and employees of all the ports it would reduce the importation. springer officials should also do more in-depth searches and should be watched themselves, creating another job. The solution may not stop the drug from entering into Florida but would be a great start in our warfare on drugs. If you want to get a full essay, devote it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Kierkegaard: Ethics And Religion

Kierkegaard: Ethics and Religion         Where is the line drawn? That seems to be the brain raised by Kierkegaards take on the Abraham business relationship. To what result is iodine justified in carrying out what he or she perceives to be divinitys com manhoodds? To the extent of killing unitys own son? jibe to Kierkegaard, the tubercle between what we deem respectable and what we deem as dish to deity has blurred, to the degree that when we see someone doing something that doesnt adapt with the universal, we say, He smoke hardly be doing that for the sake of God. Meaning by this that he did it for his own sake. The paradox of faith has lost the intercede term, i.e, the universal. The encroach between the ethical and the sacred is shown in the teleological recess of the ethical of Abrahams decision to sacrifice his son in obedience to Gods command. Abraham and Isaac sojourn to Mount Moriah, where God has asked Abraham to sacrifice Is aac as an pass to Him. Abraham eventually does not need to sacrifice Isaac by and by proving his faith. He was about to sacrifice Isaac when an angel stayed his hand. Abrahams experience shows that one contribute be forced to disregard ethics if God so commands, which Kierkegaard views as the paradoxical nature of religion. To quote: In the story of Abraham we find just such a paradox.
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ethically speech production his relation to Isaac is this: that the father is to love the son. This ethical relationship is cut down to the relative as against the unattackable relation to God. Kierkegaard sees that there ar three spheres, aest hetic, ethical and religious, and although ! he doesnt state it explicitly; he views the third, the religious, as being higher(prenominal) than the ethical. How then, can the ethical and religious spheres of existence be in conflict? Can God/religion be unethical/evil in our monetary value? This is the paradox, that a man completely willing and about... If you want to corroborate a full(a) essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Medjunarodna trgovina proizvodima intelektualne svojine (international trade in IP)

UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADUEKONOMSKI FAKULTETSEMINARSKI RAD IZ PREDMETA ME\UNARODNA TRGOVINATEMA: Me|unarodna trgovina professional personizvodima intelektualne svojineStudent:Bogdan Stojiqkovi}BEOGRAD, MAJ 2006. INTELEKTUALNA SVOJINAIntelektualna svojina je svojinsko pravo koje se daje osobama nad stvgenus Arala{tvom wihovog uma. Ona obeah~no daju tim osobama ekskluzivno pravo nad upotrebom wihove kreacije na odre|eno vreme. Obi~no se sva intelektualna svojin delicatessen food na dve vrste:·AUTORSKA SVOJINA NAD UMETNI^KIM I KWI@EVNIM DELIMA ? za{tita prava autora tvoraca kwiga i drugih pisanih oblika, muzi~kih kompozicija, slika, skulptura, kompjuterskih programa i filmova putem COPYRIGHT-a na minimalni period od 50 godina posle smrti autora. Tako|e se na ovaj na~in {tite srodna prava izvo|a~a, glumaca, muzi~ara i producenata fo pegrama. Osnovni dru{tveni razlog za za{titu autorske svojine je ohrabrewe i hagrada za kreativni rad. ·INDUSTRIJSKA SVOJINA ? { buckwheat tree sve pronalaske koji nalaze primenu u industriji. Ona se mo`e podeliti u dve podgrupe:oJedna podgrupa se mo`e okarakterisati kao za{tita odre|enih znaka, u ovom slu~aju TRADEMARK, koji prave razliku izme|u proizvoda i usluga jednog proizvo|a~a i proizvoda i usluga koje nisu od cloak proizvo|a~a; i indikatora geografskog porekla koje ozna~ava da proizvod poti~e iz odre|enog predela gde je data odlika svojstvena mestu porekla. Za{tita ovakvih oznaka treba da obezbedi i po{ tenneru konkurenciju i za{titu potro{a~a omogu}avaju}i im da se informi{u dok prave odluke izme|u raznih roba i usuga (za{tita mo`e da traje neograni~eno, zavisno da li je ta oznaka jo{ uvek prepoznatqiva). oDruga podgrupa obuhvata za{titu koja prvenstveno treba da podstakne inovacije i napredak u tehnologiji. Ovde se ubrajaju pronalasci za{ti}eni patentom, industrijski dizajn i trgova~ke tajne. Osnovni dru{tveni razlog za za{titu je pru`awe sigurnosti za rezultate ulagawa u razvoj nove tehnologije ~ime se daje podstrek za finan sirawe istra`ivawa i razvoja. Naj~e{}a sreds! tva za{tite su:·PATENTI ? koji daju pronalaza~u pravo da na odre|eno vreme spre~i druge da prave, koriste ili prodaju wegov pronalazak bez wegovog prethodnog odobrewa. To je dogovor izme|u pronalaza~a i dr`ave kojim je pronalaza~u dozvoqen na odre|eno vreme monopol nad wegovim pronalaskom zato {to je isti pustio u javnost. Pronalazak mora da zadovoqi odre| atomic number 99 northeast uslove da bi se za|sourwoodo patentom: da je nov (da nije neki wegov zna~ajni deo ranije pu{ten u javnost); da je inovacioni pomak napred ({to se odre|uje prema stru~nom licu iz picture oblasti); da je industrijski prihvativ. Patenti su ograni~eni teritorijalno (patent prijavqen u jednoj zemqi ne va`i van te zemqe) i vremenski od 5 do maksimum 20 godina (opet zavisno od zemqe). Patent mo`e imati ogromni zna~aj za pronalaza~a jer mo`e biti predmet prodaje ili trgovine ili prepisivawa na druge. Ogroman zna~aj mo`e imati i na druge qude, jer se mo`e dosta nau~iti iz tu|ih patenata, mo`e spre~iti da neko eventualno ?otkriva? ne{to {to ve} postoji, a mo`e i da stimuli{e daqi razvoj ideje (po isteku patenta). ·TRADEMARK ? je bilo koji znak koji mo`e da napravi razliku izme|u proizvoda i usluga jednog proizvo|a~a od proizvoda i usluga bilo kog drugog. Taj znak podrazumeva re~i, oznake, slogane, boje, trodimenzionalne oblike, p unmatchablekad i zvukove i gestikulaciju. Koristi se da bi potro{a~i mogli da prepoznaju proizvod odre|east northeast firme. ·DIZAJN - se odnosi na izgled celog ili jednog dela proizvoda koji rezultira u linijama, konturi, obliku, teksturi ili materijalu prune proizvoda ili wegovog ukrasa. On daje monopol vlasniku nad dizajnom {to zna~i da niko drugi ne mo`e odre|eno vreme da pravi, koristi ili prodaje proizvode sa primewenim dizajnom bez prethodnog odobrewa. ·COPYRIGHT ? daje stvaraocima materijala {ire upotrebe poput kwi`evnih dela, slika, muzike i filma komercijalna prava preko koji mogu da kontroli{u materijal na vi{e na~ina, poput umno`avawa, objavqiva wa na bilo koji na~in. Tako|e autoru daje i moralna p! rava koja }e da ga prepoozawu kao stvaraoca. Za{ti}en materijal se naziva ?delo?. Ali ova za{tita se ne odnosi na ideje. Svrha za{tite je da se da autoru nagrada (naj~e{}e se misli u ekonomskom smislu) za trud ~ime se podsti~e daqa kreativnost i stvarawe novih materijala koji }e svima doprinositi. Za{ti}eni materijal je obino rezultat kreativne sposobnosti i zna~ajnog rada, pa i finansija, tako da bez ove za{tite drugi bi mogli lako da iskoriste materijal bez nadoknade autoru. Tako naj~e{}e korisnici materijala moraju da imaju dozvolu autora, mada ima nekih retkih izuzetaka. Za{tita nastupa automatski po objavqivawu. ·OSTALE MERE ? poput prava izvo|a~a, za{tita trgova~kih tajni poverqivim sporazumima, za{tita datoteka (koje nisu za{ti}ene COPYRIGHT-om), za{tita indikatorima geografskog porekla,.. Moraju se razlikovati dve vrste prava: komercijalna i moralna. Komercijalna prava daju pravo pronalaza~u da komercijalno iskoristi svoj pronalazak (naj~e{}e nov~ano i naj~e{}e ustupawem i li prodajom). Moralna prava autora obuhvataju: pravo prve objave (autor ima pravo da odlu~i kada i kako }e wegovo delo postati pristupa~no javnosti), pravo na priznawe autorstva (autor ima pravo da bude priznat i ozna~en kao autor dela), pravo na po{tovawe autorskog dela i ~ast ili ugled autora (autor ima pravo da se usprotivi svakoj promeni, preradi ili drugoj izmeni svoga dela i svakom kori{}ewu dela koji ugro`ava wegovu ~ast ili ugled). Za vreme funkcionalnog trajawa za{tite trebalo bi da bude olak{an enthral tehnologije u vidu stranih direktnih investicija, zajedni~kih ulagawa (joint ventures) i licenci. RE[AVAWE PROBLEMA INTELEKTUALNE SVOJINEKako se ravijala me|unarodna trgovina, i trgovina uop{te, sa disregardom razvoja tehnologije, po~elo se uvi|ati da novi predmet trgovine, intelektualna svojina, se ne mo`e svrstavati pod tradicionalne okvire, i samim tim ne va`e ista pravila kao za trgovinu drugim robama. Kao osnovni problem se iznosi potreba regulacije po pitawu za{tite intelektualne svojine, i shodno tome propisivawa mera! sprovo|ewa i sankcionisawa u slu~aju kr{ewa istih. Osamdesetih godina dvadesetog veka mnoge zemqe nisu imale jasno definisanu politiku po pitawu za{tite inetektualne svojine, ne priznavawa patenata, dizjana, indikatora geografskog porekla? Mnoge zemqe su kr{ile tu za{titu zloupotrebom obavezuju}ih dozvola, za{tita koju su poznavale nije bila dovoqno dugog veka, a i vr{ena je diskriminacija stranih firmi {to im je ote`avalo dobijawe odgovaraju}e za{tite za svoju intelekualnu svojinu. Oko sprovo|ewa svoje za{tite inetelektualne svojine, mnoga preduze}a su nailazila na probleme u pravosudnom sistemu, nedostatku odgovaraju}eg izvr{nog organa, problema dokazivawa, ote`anost pristupa kompetentnom pravnom i administ desertivnom telu, i povrh svega trajawa i tro{kova tih procesa. Ovo je bio posebno veliki problem mawim preduze}ima i proizvo|a~ima sa ograni~enim (malim) sredstvima. Poreme}aji u tokovima trgovine (i spoqne i unutra{we) su dolazili usled neovla{}enog kopirawa, pravqewa ili pr odaje za{ti}enih proizvoda od strane zemqe ili zemaqa koje nisu vlasnici za{tite, te potom prodaje istih proizvoda u neke druge zemqe. Tako legitimno napravqeni proizvodi nisu mogli da se izvoze na neko tr`i{te zbog tih nedozvoqenih kopija, ili ~ak da se prodaju na doma}em tr`i{tu zbog uvoza tih nedozvoqenih kopija. Vr{ilo se lo{e regulisanom za{titom intelektualne svojine obesrabrewe pronalaza~a za daqe napore u istra`ivawu, pronala`ewu novih ili usavr{avawu postoje}ih, kao i u trgovini i ulagawu u iste. Neke zemqe su koristile za{titu intelektualne svojine da bi destimulisale uvoz i podsticale doma}u proizvodwu, koja je naj~e{}e bila neadekvatna i/ili neefikasna. I sam uticaj na me|unarodnu trgovinu koji je imalo neslagawe oko za{tite intelektualne svojine. Te`ilo se tome da se razjasne {ta su ta~no trgovinski aspekti intelektulne svojine i {ta oni sve pokrivaju. Problem oko ta~nog definisawa je sa sobom vukao i opasnost da mere koje se odrede za sprovo|ewe i sankcionisawe ne delu ju restriktivno na me|unarodnu trgovinu. Kako su ugla! vnom izvoznici intelektualne svojine razvijene zemqe, one su i ponajvi{e o{te}ene nedostatkom regulacije, tako da su 1987. godine po~eli pregovori oko regulisawa trgovine intelektualnom svojinom, kao i trgovine krivotvorenim proizvodima. Osnovni problem je bio uskla|ivawe nacionalnih zakonodavstava zemaqa u svetu po pitawu intelektualne svojine i trgovine istom. Za vreme pregovora blisko se sara|ivalo sa drugim organizacijama koje su ve} imale iskustva sa intelektualnom svojinom i trgovinom krivotvornim proizvodima, poput WIPO-a (World Intellectual Property Organization, svetske organizacije za intelektualnu svojinu), a i sa drugim organizacijama poput UNESCO-a i UNCTAD-a. Pregovori su bili dugi i izda{ni, ali su na kraju (1994. godine) izrodili Sporazum o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine. SPORAZUM O TRGOVINSKIM ASPEKTIMA PRAVA INTELEKTUALNE SVOJINEPo~etkom devedesetih godina dvadesetog veka, mnoge razvijene zemqe su istakle zna~aj globalne za{tite intelektualne svo jine, {to je i dovelo da se u okviru Urugvajske runde usvoji Sporazum o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine. Ovaj sporazum (koji je potpisalo vi{e od 100 zemaqa) zahteva od potpisnica da, sa veoma ograni~enim izuzecima, pru`e visok nivo za{tite intelektualne svojine i obezbede mehanizme za weno sprovo|ewe. Glavni inclination razvijenih zemaqa za za{titu je da }e ista dovesti do pove}awa me|unarodne trgovine, na korist svih (mada, s obzirom da su razvijene zemqe neto izvoznici intelektualne svojine, ~ini se da }e to i}i samo wima na ruku, jer sporazum o~ito pove}ava wihoj izvoz dok se pi ca-caski proizvodi sklawaju sa tr`i{ta; iz svega toga se postavqa pitawe da li i zemqama u razvoju u interesu da {tite intelektualnu svojinu). Osnovni ciq koji se iznosi u sporazumu je za{tita i primena prava intelektualne svojine koja bi trebalo da doprinese unapre|ewu tehnolo{kih inovacija i headu i {irewu tehnologije, na uzajamnu korist stvaralaca i korisnika tehnolo{kog znawa, na na~in koji podsti~e socijalnu i ekonomsku dobrobit, k! ao i uravnote`ewe prava i obaveza. Zemqe potpisnice su se dogovorile da pru`e efektivnu i adekvatnu za{ buckwheat treeu intelektuakne svojine da bi se smawili poreme}aji u me|unarodnoj trgovini (gde sama za{tita ne}e stvarati nove prepreke legitimnoj trgovini). One su se slo`ile da pru`e za{titu intelektualne svojine pod svojim doma}im zakonima i regulativama u saglasnosti sa pravilima i postipcima iznetim u sporazumu. Zemqe potpisnice }e u svojim doma}im zakonima da se usaglase sa odredbama iz Pariske konvencije o za{ titi monkey industrijske svojine (revizija iz Stokholma 1967. godine) i Bernske kovencije o za{titi kwi`evnih i umetni~kih dela (revizija iz Pariza 1971. godine). Sporazumom je utv|ena neka dowa granica mera koje se sprovode u za{titi intelektualne svojine, a zemqe potpisnice mogu ako `ele da primewuju i vi{e mera od propisanih, samo dok to nije u suprotnosti sa samim sporazumom. Tako|e ne}e biti diskriminacije prema nacionalnosti (drugim dr`avqanima zemaqa potpi snica daje se isti tretman kao doma}im dr`avqanima, odnosno koji nije nepovoqniji), i daje se tretman najpovla{}enije necije (sve {to se dodeli dr`avqanima jedne zemqe potpisnice, automatski se primewuje na dr`avqane svih zemaqa potpisnica; izuzeci su ako su prednosti proizi{le iz sporazuma koji se ne ti~u intelektualne svojine ili su stupili na snagu pre sporazuma o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine (a da su o tim prethodnim sporazumima obave{ten Savet i da ne predstavqaju diskriminaciju drugi ~lanica) i ako se ne radi o nacionalnom tretmanu, ve} o tretmanu datom drugoj dr`avi). Sporazumom se kao prava intelektualne svojine {tite (i prepoznaju kao takva) autorska i srodna prava (za{tita najmawe 50 godina), `igovi (za{tita najmawe 7 godina, s tim {to se za{tita mo`e neograni~eno obnavqati), geografske oznake (za{tita pripada u potpunosti zemqi porekla), industrijski modeli i uzorci (za{tita 10 godina), patenti (za{tita 20 godina), {eme (topografije) integrisanih ko la nut tree (za{tita 10 godina) i neotkrivene informa! cije (za{tita traje dok tajna ima tr`i{nu vrednost). Za sva prava su odre|eni svojevrsni postupci ({ta spada pod patentibilni proizvod, dodatna za{tita geografske oznake vina i alkoholnih pi}a, izdavawe licence i prenos prava `igova i drugi) i izuzeci pravilima. Kod kr{ewa prava intelektualne svojine*, sporazum predvi|a da se titularima prava (savezi i udru`ewa koja su ovla{}ena da brane takva prava) stavqaju na raspolagawe gra|anski sudski postupci koji se odnose na sprovo|ewe bilo kog prava intelektualne svojine obuhva}ene ovim sporazumom (ne stvara se nikakva obaveza uvo|ewa sudskog sistema sprovo|ewa prava intelektualne svojine koji bi se razlikovao od onog koji generalno va`i za sprovo|ewe zakona, niti uti~e na sposobnost ~lanica da generalno sprovode svoje zakone). Tu`ena strana ima pravo da bude blagovremeno i detaqno obave{tena pismenim putem, ukqu~uju}i razloge na kojima se zasniva tu`beni zahtev. Postupci koji se odnose na sprovo|ewe prava intelektualne svojine bi}e pravi ~ni i jednaki za sve. Oni ne}e biti nepotrebno slo`eni ili skupi, niti }e sadr`ati nerazumne rokove, kao i nepotrebna odlagawa. Strane imaju pravo da budu zastupane od strane nezavisnih pravnih zastupnika i postupci ne}e nametati prekomerno optere}uju}e zahteve vezane za obavezno li~no pojavqivawe. Sve strane u takvim postupcima imaju pravo da obrazla`u svoje zahteve i da podnose relevantne dokaze. Postupak }e obezbediti na~ine otkrivawa i za{tite poverqivih informacija, ukoliko to nije suprotno postoje}im ustavnim zahtevima. Sudske vlasti imaju ovla{}ewa, u slu~aju kada strana dostavi razumno dostupne dokaze koji su dovoqni da podr`e wene zahteve i kada ima konkretne dokaze relevantne za podr`avawe svojih zahteva koji se nalaze pod kontrolom suprotstavqene strane, da narede da te dokaze suprotstavqena strana podnese, pod uslovima koji u odgovaraju}im slu~ajevima osiguravaju za{titu poverqive informacije. U slu~ajevima kada strana u sporu namerno i bez vaqanog razloga odbije da stav i na uvid, ili na drugi na~in ne obezbedi potrebne in! formacije u razumnom vremenskom periodu, ili zna~ajno spre~ava postupak po tu`bi, ~lanica mo`e ovlastiti sudske vlasti da donesu prethodne i kona~ne odluke, afirmativne ili negativne, na osnovu informacija koje su im dostavqene, ukqu~uju}i `albe ili tvr|ewa strane koja je pretrpela {tetu zbog odbijawa pristupa informacijama, pod uslovom da stranama da mogu}nost da budu saslu{ane povodom iznetih tvrdwi ili dokaza. Sudske vlasti imaju ovla{}ewe da nalo`e strani da prestane sa povredom prava, izme|u ostalog, da bi se spre~io ulazak u trgovinske tokove na wihovoj teritoriji uvezene robe kojom se vre|a pravo intelektualne svojine, odmah po cariwewu takve robe. ^lanice nisu obavezne da omogu}e izdavawe takvih ovla{}ewa u odnosu na za{ti}eni predmet koji je neka osoba stekla ili naru~ila pre nego {to je saznala ili imala razumnog osnova da veruje da bi bavqewe takvim predmetom predstavqalo povredu prava intelektualne svojine. Da bi se obezbedilo efikasno spre~avawe povreda prava, sudske vl asti su ovla{}ene da nalo`e da se roba za koju su utvrdili da predstavqa povredu prava, bez bilo kakve nadoknade povu~e iz trgovinskih tokova na na~in kojim se ne}e naneti {teta titularu prava ili, ako bi to bilo u suprotnosti sa postoje}im ustavnim zahtevima, uni{te. Sudske vlasti su tako|e ovla{}ene da nalo`e da se sirovine i alati, ~ija je preovla|uju}a upotreba bila u stvarawu roba kojima se vr{i povreda prava, bez ikakve nadoknade povuku iz trgovinskih tokova na na~in koji }e svesti rizik od daqih povreda prava na najmawu mogu}u meru. Pri razmatrawu takvih zahteva, uze}e se u obzir srazmera izme|u ozbiqnosti povrede i nalo`enih pravnih sredstava, kao i interesa tre}ih lica. U odnosu na robe sa krivotvorenim `igom, uklawawe nezakonito stavqenog `iga nije dovoqno, osim u izuzetnim slu~ajevima, da bi se omogu}ilo pu{tawe robe u promet. *preuzeto iz odgovaraju}ih ~lanova Sporazuma o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojineU slu~aju da je jedna strana pogre{no optu`ila drug u stranu, tu`ena strana (koja nije kriva) ima pravo n! a obe{}e}ewe (koji uglavnom podrazumevaju tro{kove procesa i zastupnika). Ne postoji obaveza da se obezbedi mogu}nost preispitivawa osloba|aju}ih slu~ajeva u krivi~nom postupku. Ako se smatra da se krivotvorena roba uvozi preko granice (ovo ne va`i ako su zemqe u carinskoj uniji uklonile sve administrativne prepreke), mo`e se podnetizahtev dr`avnim vlastima i carinskoj slu`bi da zaustavi tu robu i zadr`i na granici. Ako u roku od 10 radnih dana (uz mogu}nost produ`ivawa za jo{ 10 radnih dana) tre}a strana (koja nije ni tu`eni, ni tu`ilac, ve} ovla{}eni organ) ne pokrene postupak o zadr`avawu robe (ili se o istom ne obavesti carinska slu`ba), i ako su ostali uslovi za prolaz robe ispuweni, carinska slu`ba }e pustiti zadr`anu robu. Ako se utvrdi da je roba zadr`ana bez vaqanog razloga, vlasniku robe }e se nadoknaditi eventualni gubici koje je imao zadr`avawem robe. Mogu se izuzeti mawe koli~ine koje ne ugro`avaju nikog komercijalno (i koje se naj~e{}e nalaze u li~nom prtqagu). Tako|e od obaveza su izuzete sve radwe pre dono{ewa sporazuma. Kao pitawe se postavqa {ta mawe razvijene zemqe imaju od sprovo|ewa Sporazuma o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine, kada se zna da su neto izvoznici proizvoda intelektualne svojine razvijene zemqe, i sporazumom se samo piratska roba sklwa sa tr`i{ta, odnosno izgleda da sporazum koristi samo razvijenim zemqama. Kao osnovna parola razvijenih zemaqa je da }e sporazum doprineti pospe{ewu me|unarodne trgovine koja }e svima doneti koristi. Ali za mawe razvijene zemqe se iznosi da }e sprovo|ewe sporazuma doprineti wihovom razvoju. Me|unarodna trgovina proizvodima intelektualne svojine obuhvata i igrane filmove, televiziju, muziku, izdava~ku industriju, kompjutersku, farmaceutsku, komunikacionu, kao i mnoge druge. Ve}ina tih industrija se oslawa na za{titu koju im pru`aju autorska prava, `igovi i patenti. Po{to mawe razvijene zemqe nemaju nameru da izvoze ove proizvode, na prvi pogled se ~ini da one nemaju potrebe da {ti te intelektualnu svojinu, ili ~ak da za wihov razvoj ! za{tita nije ni po`eqna, ili da }e za{tita paralisati wihov razvoj. Glavni argument koji se vidi za ovo je da mawe razvijene zemqe nemaju sredstava za uvoz legitimnih, nekrivotvorenih proizvoda intelektualne svojine, jer ako moraju da pla}aju, mawe }e mo}i da se uzme ({to }e umawiti {anse za privredni razvoj i pro{irewe trgovine). Na primer, ako bi qudi bili primorani da koriste samo originalne kompjuterske programe (poput operativnog sistema), mawe qudi bi imalo kompjutere (ili bi sa WINDOWS-a pre{li na LINUX), ~ime bi tehnolo{ki zaostajali, ili ako bi morali da koriste samo originalne muzi~ke diskove, mawe qudi bi ~ulo {ta je prava muzika (jer na{a muzi~ka industrija ima veoma ograni~en izbor prave muzike), i onda bi ~ak i kulturalno nazadovali. A ako bi prihvatili za{titu intelektualne svojine, to ne bi dovelo do pove}awa trgovine mawe razvijenim zemqama, jer one ne izvoze te proizvode, a ~ak i kad ih izvezu (neko kwi`evno delo ili film), ta dela }e {tititi razvijene zemqe, ~ak iako zemqa porekla nema adekvatnu za{titu. Ipak se mora obratiti pa`wa na to da kompanije kojima treba za svoje proizvode za{tita intelektualne svojine ne}e biti voqne da ogranke izmeste u zemqe gde te za{tite nema. Te{ko je zamisliti muzi~ku ku}u koje }e izmestiti svoju proizvodwu diskova u zemqu u kojoj je rasprostrawena piraterija. Ako je mo`da i mogu}e da se izmesti ogranak u zemqu koja ne pru`a za{titu, nikako nije mogu}e da }e zemqa da izvozi svoje proizvode u tu zemqu, tamo gde ne mogu da se za{tite jednostavno }e zaobi}i (ignorisati celo tr`i{te). To zna~i da zemqa ne}e snabdevati svoje tr`i{te legalnim lekovima, filmovima, kompjuterskim i muzi~kim diskovima (ve} kopijama, koje su ~esto veoma lo{e). Ako mo`da i nije toliko bitno da li }e gra|anstvo gledati filmove na lo{im diskovima snimanim kamericom u bioskopu, veoma je bitno za zemqu da li }e tehnologija ugra|ena u samu infrastrukturu zemqe biti vrhunska, {to sa sobom povla~i i garancije tehni~ke pomo}i i servisa, unapre| ivawa, i uop{te garanciju da }e funkcionisati. Mada, ! kad se ovo ka`e, odmah se pomisli na kompjuterske programe (koliko samo puta WINDOWS XP provokativno ponudi da posle gre{ke se javi direktno MICROSOFT-u radi otklawawa iste u budu}em radu; a sa piratskom verzijom koja je jako popularna u Srbiji to se ne sme), ovo va`i i za druge proizvode farmacetske i komunikacione industrije (gde je patentirani deo i sr` samog proizvoda). Tako se donosi zakqu~ak dok je piraterija kratkoro~no ekonomska prednost, dugoro~no ima mnogo vi{e negativnih implikacija. Za{tita intelektualne svojine je kao i svako pridr`avawe dogovora, va`no za zemqu da bi bila deo me|unarodne zajednice, ali i izbegavawe me|unarodne blokade koja ide mnogo daqe od proizvoda intelektualne svojine. Sporazum o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine ima izuzetke za mawe razvije zemqe i najnerazvijenije zemqa koji ih osloba|aju nekih delova sporazuma na odre|en broj godina, ali oni se ne mogu zauvek koristiti. Jednostavno nije u interesu zemqe da se oslawa na te izuzetk a zbog ve} pomenutih dugoro~nih posledica. Ako zemqa ne {titi tu|u intelektualnu svojinu, mala je verovatno}a da }e sama razviti svoju intelektualnu svojinu, samim tim i tu vrstu industrije, {to }e zemqu osuditi da doveka bude neto uvoznik intelektualne svojine. I pored svih ekonomskih razloga, mora se pomenuti i kulturolo{ki, promocija sopstvenog jezika, kao i moralni, jer nikad nije uredu koristiti tu|i rad bez nekakve nadnade (misle}i na naknadu stvaraocu, ne distributeru ? legalnom ili nelegalnom). Ali opet sa druge strane proces imitacije u mawe razvijenim zemqama (ovo se dokazalo na primeru azijskih zemaqa, posebno novoindustrijalizovanih zemaqa) je osnova za kreativnu imitaciju koja prethodi invenciji. Tanka je linija izme|u prostog kopirawa proizvoda i kreativnog unapre|ivawa ve} postoje}eg (otklawawa onih sitnih gre{aka, radi usavr{avawa ne~eg {to je dobro), oba su podjednako ka`wiva, ali koliko ono prvo (prosto kopirawe) nije opravdano nikako sem komercijalnom zloupotrebom , ono drugo (unapre|ivawe) je ipak ~esti korak ka raz! voju. Najboqi primer je privreda japana, koja od jedne od najunaza|enijih privreda posle drugog svetskog rata (atomske bombe na Hiro{imu i Nagasaki, mada i sam rat je bio veoma poguban, japan je posledwi iz Osovine kapitulirao*, {to samo po sebi zna~i da se borio dok zaista vi{e ni{ta nije preostalo, ni qudi, ni resursa) danas jedna od (ako ne i prva) najrazvijenija privreda, a po~ela je imitacijom (naravno va`an faktor je i transfer znawa {kolovawem svojih qudi u inostranstvu koji su potom svoje znawe i radne navike vra}ali u zemqu, ali naravno opet uz prilago|avawe svojim potrebama i okru`ewu). Period imitacije, a sa tim i kreativne imitacije, prati i jedan period nekvalitetne proizvodwe, koji kad se savlada (kada se ovlada proizvodnim procesima) dovodi do proizvodwe koja mo`e da se izjedna~i sa originalnim, pa zemqa tu mo`e da pre|e liniju kopirawa-unapre|ivawa, da po{to je ovladala tehnologijom i proizvodnim procesom, po~ne sama da razvija svoje (invencija i inovacija). *iako je japan zvani~no kapitulirao 1945. godine, posledwi Japanski carski vojnik se predao tek ?70 godina skrivaju}i se na nekom od pacifi~kih ostrvaME\UNARODNE ORGANIZACIJE KOJE SE BAVE INTELEKTUALNOM SVOJINOMTako je od 1994. godine prvi put regulisana me|unarodna trgovina proizvodima intelektualne svojine multilateralno. Sporazum o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine (TRIPs) je postao sastavni deo Svetske trgovinske organizacije (World messiness Organization), koji reguli{e intelektualnu svojinu, kao {to Generalni sporazum o trgovini uslugama (GATS) je sastavni deo koji reguli{e usluge, a Generalni sporazuma o trgovini i carinama iz 1994. godine (GATT 1994) je sastavni deo koji reguli{e robu, i svaki sporazum zasebno ima svoj Savet (za tu oblast u me|unarodnoj trgovini) koji odgovaraju Generalnom savetu Svetske trgovinske organizacije. Kako se u sporazumima razmewuju koncesije, va`no je napomenuti da to va`i samo kada je re~ o robi i usligama, jo{ nema slu~aja da se razme wivale koncesije oko proizvoda intelektualne svojine,! ve} se sporazumom ~lanice samo obavezuju da }e po{tovati prava i {titi intelektualnu svojinu. Svetska trgovinska organizacija broji 149 zemaqa ~lanica (zakqu~no sa 11.12.2005) sa 32 zemqe posmatra~a (me|u kojima je i Srbija, zasebno od Crne Gore, i BiH, dok su sve ostale biv{e Jugoslovenske republike ve} ~lanice; zasebna prijava je podneta 10.12.2004, a Generalni savet je prihvatio zasebne prijave 16.2.2005, pregovori sa Srbijom su zapo~eti 7.10.2005, gde je Srbija iznela Memorandum o spoqnotrgovinskom re`imu, kao i pisane odgovore na zahteve ~lanica, akcioni scheme implementacije Sporazuma o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine (13.7.2005), kao i informacije o doma}im i izvoznim subvencijama u poqoprivredi; ta incijalna diskusija je bila ?vrlo korisna i profesionalna?). Svetska trgovinska organizacija prepoznaje 7 oblika intelektualne svojine (autorska prava; patenti; trgovinski `igovi; geografsko poreklo; industrijski dizajn; tipografija integrisanih kola; trgova~ke tajne). Poslove koji se odnose na autorsko i wemu srodna prava, kao i na pravo industrijske svojine, na me|unarodnom planu vr{i Svetska organizacija za intelektualnu svojinu (World Intelectual Property Organization) koja je osnovana na Diplomatskoj konferenciji o intelektualnoj svojini odr`anoj od 11.6. do 14.7.1967. godine u Stokholmu, i koja je od 19.10.1977. godine registrovana kao specijalizovana agencija Ujediwenih nacija. Konvencijom o osnivawu ove me|unarodne organizacije precizirano je da ona ima za ciq da unapre|uje za{titu intelektualne svojine u svetu kroz saradwu sa dr`avama kao i sa drugim me|unarodnim organizacijama, a uz to i da obezbe|uje administrativnu saradwu izme|u unija. Time je ona administrator i depozitar za oko tridesetak me|unarodnih ugovora u oblasti intelektualne svojine koji obrazuju vi{e unija, i to: Bernsku uniju, Parisku uniju, Madridsku uniju, Ha{ku uniju, Lokarnsku uniju, Lisabonsku uniju, Nicansku uniju, Budimpe{tansku uniju, Be~ku uniju (koja baz ira na Be~kom sporazumu o ustanovqewu me|unarodne kla! sifikacije figurativnih elemenata `igova od 12.7.1973, sa izmenama 1.10.1975), PCT uniju (Patent Cooperaton Treaty), IPC uniju (koja se zasniva na Strazburskom aran`manu o me|unarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata od 24.3.1971.godine) i FRT uniju (Film Register Treaty - koja obuhvata Ugovor o me|unarodnoj registraciji sound recordingvizuelnih dela od 18.4.1989.godine). Ona se veoma istakla tokom pregovora oko regulisawa trgovine intelektualnom svojinom, kao i trgovine krivotvorenim proizvodima, koji su iznedrili Sporazum o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine. Me|unarodna alijansa za intelektualnu svojinu (International Intellectual Property Alliance) je udru`ewe privatnog sektora (oformqeno 1984) koje predstavqa industrije intelektualne svojine u bilateralnim i multilateralnim naporima da unaprede me|unarodnu za{titu intelektualne svojine. Organizacija je sastavqena od 7 asocijacija (AAP, BSA, ESA, IFTA, MPAA, NMPA, RIAA), gde svaka predstavqa zna~ajan segment u miserable industijama intelektualne svojine (okupqa oko 1900 preduze}a koja proizvode i distribuiraju proizvode intelektualne svojine svuda po svetu; pazi na sve vrste kompjuterskih programa ? poslovnih i zabavnih, filmova, muzike i pisanih dela - i u pisanoj i u elektronskoj formi). Industrije intelektualne svojine su najbr`e rastu}e u deplorable, a jeftina tehnologija za kopirawe omogu}ava pirateriju u drugim zemqama (procewuje se da je godi}wi gubitak od piraterije izme|u 30 i 35 milijardi dolara). Ova organizacija nadgleda oko 80 zemaqa, u saradwi sa good-for-naught vladom, doma}om vladom i predstavnicima privatnog sektora. Ciq im nije samo suzbijawe piraterije nego i podsticawe kulturolo{kog i tehnolo{kog razvitka zemaqa, kao i podsticawe investirawa i zaposlenosti. Svake godine izdaje ?Special 301?, izve{taj o akcijama zemaqa koje se ne pridr`avaju pravila o za{titi intelektualne svojine ili preduzimaju akcije koje osuje}uju trgovinu, ili jednostavno ne ~ine napore da se prepreke otklo ne (Srbija je na toj listi od 2003. godine pa na daqe! ). Mada ne u tako klasi~nom smislu kao prethodne organizacije, UNESCO je veoma bitan faktor kada se govori o intelektualnoj svojini, a bio je tako|e jedan od kqu~nih saradnika tokom pregovora oko regulisawa trgovine intelektualnom svojinom, kao i trgovine krivotvorenim proizvodima. Osnovana jo{ 1945. godine sa ciqem doprinosa miru i sigurnosti putem promocije me|unarodne saradwe kroz obrazovawe, nauku i kulturu. Projekti koje sponzori{e UNESCO obuhvataju opismewavawe, tehni~ke programe i obuke predva~a, me|unarodne nau~ne projekte, regionalne kulturolo{ke i istorijske projekte, unapre|ewe i promociju kulturolo{ke raznovrsnosti i me|unarodnu saradwu koja }e obezbediti o~uvawe svetskog kulturolo{kog nasle|a. UNESCO se vodi programom Obrazovawe za sve do 2012. godine; bori se za o~uvawe prirodnih resursa i o~uvawe qudskih prava. Ono {to je na ovu temu bitno je projekat ?slobodnog toka ideja butem re~i i slike?, kojim se `eli izgraditi dru{tvo bazirano na razmeni znawa i sjediwavawa svi h sociokulturolo{kih i eti~kih dimenzija odr`ivog razvoja. I on ima sporazume koji reguli{u pitawe intelektualne svojine. Dok se u Konvenciji o kulturolo{koj raznolikosti (konvencija o za{titi i promociji kulturolo{ke raznolikosti i umetni~kog izra`avawa) prava intelektualne svojine stavqaju po strani (dok se promovi{e kultura), kao i kulturolo{ki izuzetak (koji su izglasale Francuska i Kanada najvi{e po pitawu filmske industrije) koji treba da {titi lokalnu kulturu (a, prema no-account, to je samo novi vid protekcionizma), UNESCO jo{ iz 1952. Univerzalnom konvencijom o autorskim pravima prepoznaje ista kao osnovu za gra|ewe kulture, uspostavio je Me|uvladin komitet za autorska prava(gde je Hrvatska jedna od 18 ~lanica); UNESCO je imao mnogo kontraverznih akcija (najpoznatija za slobodu {tampe), ali je ipak wegov doprinos veliki. SPROVO\EWE ZAKONA O ZA[TITIINTELEKTUALNE SVOJINEDa bi se povinovale me|unarodnim sporazumima i da bi pristupile mnogim me|unarodnim organizacija, mnoge z emqe u razvoju su usvojile veoma sofisticirane zakone! o intelektualnoj svojini. Tako se ~ini da su svi oblici intelektulane svojine pravilno za{ti}eni u toj zemqi. Ali stvarnost mo`e biti ne{to druga~ija ako se ti zakoni ne sprovode kako vaqa. Usvajawe tih zakona je svakako prvi korak ka za{titi intelektualne svojine i ponekad omogu}ava zemqi da usvajawem zakona se prikqu~i kqu~nim me|unarodnim tokovima u koje je `elela (i zbog kojih je usvojila zakon). Ali samo usvajawe bez sprovo|ewa zakona ne}e mo}i doveka da obmawuje javnost (zato deo 3 Sporazuma o trgovinskim aspektima prava intelektualne svojine zahteva od zemqa da uspostave mehanizme za sprovo|ewe za{tite intelektualne svojine). Postoji nekoliko razloga za{to zemqe ne mogu vaqano da sprovode za{titu. Ve}ina zakona koje donose zemqe u razvoju se (ponajvi{e) ugledaju na zakone SAD ili Francuske, koji se uglavnom oslawaju na sprovo|ewe za{tite od strane vlasnika prava, a mawe dr`ave (tako u SAD, ve}ina parnica oko kr{ewa prava intelektualne svojine, sem onih ve}ih, je gra|anska). Jedan od razloga za{to ovakav na~in sprovo|ewa prolazi u razvijenim zemqama je taj {to samo sudstvo omogu}ava vlasnicima da ?jure? svoja prava ~ine}i ih ekonomski isplativim, odnosno sami tro{kovi parnice ne}e iznositi vi{e od nadoknade.
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Neke zemqe u razvoju su pak izostavile ove kqu~ne elemente za privatno sprovo}ewe (kompetentnost sudija ili porote da presude odgovaraju}u nadoknadu iako nije dokazan ta~an finansijski gubitak; a zbog prirode intelektualne svojine, te{ko je, a nekad i nemogu}e da se doka`e ta~an gubitak od kr{ewa), tako da svaka zemqa mora prvo preispitati svoje zakone da bi videla da li su oni u ekonomskom smislu ?povoqni? za privatno sprovo}ewe, pre uvo|ewa istog. Tako|e, z! akonu o intelektualnoj svojini mora se dati neka vrsta ekspeditivnog delovawa, jer je mala korist da vlasnik podnese tu`bu za kr{ewe prava zbog toga {to }e se {teta legitimnom proizvodu naneti mnogo pre no {to se pokrene postupak, a kr{ilac ~esto nije u stawu da nova~no odgovara za {tetu. Zato se mora razviti neki brzi mehanizam koji }e omogu}iti vlasniku prava da se prijavi i dobije momentalnu od{tetu, uz zabranu i zaplenu krivotvorene robe. U mnogim zemqama zakon ne poznaje prava intelektualne svojine, i nije siguran kako da ga primeni. Zato se mora ukazati na to da se prava nematerijalnih dela moraju shvatiti podjednako ozbiqno kao i prava materijalnih dela. Mnogi problemi pravne i zakonske pripode vladaju u zemqama u razvoju, tako da sprovo|ewe i za{tita prava intelektualne svojine tu dobija nizak prioritet (pogotovo kad se desi da takvi zakoni pogoduju samo stranim korporacijama). Ali kad se gleda na dugoro~ne ekonomske prednosti zemqe (u smislu trgovine, ravoja privrede i povi novawa me|unarodnim zahtevima) mo`da se dodeli neki vi{i prioritet. Tako se mo`e re}i da je u dugoro~nom ekonomskom interesu svih zemaqa da se pridr`avaju svih zakona o za{titi intelektualne svojine ostalih zemaqa, uz naglasak ne samo na usvajawe zakona nego i stvarawe uslova za wegovo pravilno sprovo|ewe. ISKUSTVO SRBIJE SA ZAKONIMAO INTELEKTUALNOJ SVOJINIPod ogromnim pritiskom od strane EU i SAD, Srbija je u potpunosti aproksimirala svoje zakonodavno telo po pitawu intelektualne svojine sa zakonodavnim telom iz EU. On sad obuhvata isti tretman kako doma}ih, tako i inostranih autora bilo gde u svetu, ukqu~uju}i du`inu trajawa za{tite, kao i prava koja su zagarantovana vlasniku. Zavod za intelektualnu svojinu Srbije i Crne Gore (Ustanovqewe institucije za za{titu industrijske svojine predstavqa konvencijsku obavezu svih zemaqa ~lanica Pariske unije za za{titu industrijske svojine; Srbija je, u pravnom kontinuitetu preko Kraqevine Srbije, jedna od 11 zemaqa osniva~a Pariske unije 188 3. godine, ali je Upravu za za{titu industrijske svoj! ine osnovala znatno kasnije, 15.11.1920. godine; ime te institucije kod nas se vi{e puta mewao: Savezna uprava za pronalaza{tvo 1948; Savezni ured za patente 1953; Savezna uprava za patente 1956; Uprava za patente 1958; Savezni zavod za patente 1967; Savezni zavod za intelektualnu svojinu 1994; Zavod za intelektualnu svojinu 2003; zavod je od osnivawa bavi patentima, `igovima i industrijskim dizajnom, od 1981. u nadle`nosti su mu i geografski indikatori porekla, od 1994. autorska i srodna prava, a od 1998. tipografiju integrisanih kola) je dao dozvolu dvema organizacijama za za{titu autorskih i srodnih prava ? SOKOJ i OSPJ, a zavod je zadu`en za nadgledawe wihovih aktivnosti. Ali kako nijedna od tih organizacija kao ni zakonodavno telo ne funkcioni{u kako vaqa, i zbog {iroko ra{irene piraterije, Me|unarodna alijansa za intelektualnu svojinu je stavila na{u zemqu na spisak posmatranih zemaqa ({to mo`e zna~iti neku vrstu trgovinskih sankcija). Zemqa je organizovala masovno spaqivawe p iratskih diskova kao zank spremnosti da se bori sa piraterijom (marta ove godine je spaqeno nekih 350000 zaplewenih diskova). Ali zabrinutost me|unarodne zajednice se ne smawuje (posle ~iwenica da je ~ak i republi~ki ministar trgovine Bojan Dimitrijevi} izjavio da kupuje piratska izadwa, ~iwenice da se kwige kopiraju na veliko, tv i radio stanice ?skidaju? muziku preko p2p (peer-to-peer) programa, dok bioskopi izumiru, a muzi~ari uvi|aju da je jedini izvor prihoda u javnih nastupima). Prema podacima Me|unarodne alijanse za intelektualnu svojinu, muzi~ka industrija u Srbiji je izgubila oko 12 miliona dolara zbog piraterije, dok piratska dela pokrivaju oko 80% tr`i{ta, a sama Srbija je izgubila oko 20 miliona dolara u porezima. Najve}i problem je {to su nov~ane kazne za pirateriju uglavnom relativno blage, dok zatvorske, iako retke, malo primerenije (trenutno se vodi ili pokre}e oko four hundred krivi~nih prijava). Me|unarodna alijansa za intelektualnu svojinu na{oj zemqi predla`e pri oritetizovawe borbe protiv piraterije, pogotovo uli~n! e piraterije, dono{ewe zakona o opti~kim medijima (jer se veruje da postoji bar jedna ?opti~ka fabrika? koja umno`ava diskove za doma}e tr`i{te i za inostrano), davawe ve}ih ovla{}ewa carinskim organima u delovawu protiv uvoza i izvoza piratskih proizvoda, obuka tu`ilaca i sudija u odnosu na povrede autorskih prava, upu}ivawe tr`i{nih inspektora na primenu pravila autorskog prava na slu~ajeve uli~ne prodaje, primena Zakona o visokotehnolo{kom kriminalu u Srbiji. Ipak, u izve{taju se navode i pozitivni tokovi u borbi protiv piraterije u na{oj zemqi, pre svega Antipiratski akcioni plan Vlade Srbije iz oktobra 2004, zatim dobra saradwa pojedinih organizacija koje se bave za{titom autorskih prava sa MUP-om, pokrenuti postupci kao i donete presude protiv odre|enog broja prekr{ilaca autorskog prava. ME\UNARODNA TRGOVINA PROIZVODIMA INTELEKTUALNE SVOJINE NA PRIMERU SADPo{to ve} nema toliko mnogo da se pri~a o trgovini Srbije proizvoda intelektualne svojine, pogleda}e se slu~aj Sjediwenih A meri~kih Dr`ava, kao jedne od najrazvijenijih privreda na svetu. 1995. godine, SAD su izvezle proizvode intelektualne svojine u iznosu od oko 27 milijardi dolara, a uvezli u iznosu od 6,3 milijarde, {to zna~i ostvarili neto izvoz od 20,6 milijardi dolara; to je iznosilo 31% od totalnog prinosa koji je zabele`en u ra~unu trgovine uslugama. Dobar deo ove trgovine se odvijao me|u firmama, mati~nih kompanija iz SAD i wenih filijala u inostranstvu u ma{inskoj i hemijskoj industriji, i veleprodaji. Veliko u~e{}e intrafirmskih transakcija ovih industrija odslikava visoko u~e{}e intelektualne svojine u industrijskim procesima koji se obavqaju u inostranstvu, kao i globalizacijske tokove tih industrija. U veleprodaji taj broj transakcija odslikava aktivnosti filijala koje vra}aju rojalitete i naknade licenci svojoj mati~noj firmi u SAD u zamenu za kori{}ewe za{ti}enih materijala, `igova i patentiranih procesa. Na drugu stranu, firme koje nisu filijale imaju mawi promet, ali i to govori da am eri~ki industrijski procesi dobro prolaze na stranom ! tr`i{tu. Intrafirmska trgovina je transakcija izme|u mati~ne kompanije i filijale van zemqe (u SAD se filijalama ozna~avaju sve druge firme u kojima ameri~ke firme kontroli{u 10%). Intrafirmska trgovina je ~inila 80% SAD trgovine proizvodima intelektualne svojine. Razlog za dominaciju intrafirmske trgovine le`i u ~iwenici da firme sa intelektualnom svojinom nastoje da dr`e kontrolu nad distribucijom iste, jer ba{ intelektualna svojina je instument konkurentvosti firme na globalnom tr`i{tu. Izvoz intelektualne svojine ameri~kih filijala u inostranstvu ka mati~noj firmi u SAD iznosio je 20,2 milijarde dolara, a izvoz mati~nih firmi ka svojima filijalama u inostranstvu 1,4 milijarde dolara. Uvoz inostranih filijala od mati~ne firme je iznosio 430 miliona dolara, a uvoz mati~nih firmi od svojih filijala u inostranstvu 4,7 milijardi dolara; {to zna~i da je neto izvoz 16,5 milijardi dolara (prema podaca iz 1995). Ameri~ka ma{inska industrija je ~inila najve}i deo intrafirmskog izvoza od 5 ,7 milijardi dolara, {to ~ini 28%, a ostvarila je najve}i prinos od 5,4 milijarde dolara intelektualne svojine. Veleprodaja je u~estvovala sa 22%, a prinos je bio 3,3 milijarde. Proizvo|a~i hemijskih i sli~nih proizvoda su tre}i po u~e{}u sa 16% i prinosom od 1,2 milijarde dolara (prema podacima iz 1995). Primat hemijske i ma{inske industrije u izvozu intelektualne svojine u inostranstvo proizilazi iz domena globalizacije i transfera tehnologije vezanih za ove industrije. Od svih proizvodnih industrija, hemijska industrija prima najvi{e ameri~kih direktnih investicija u inostranstvu (iznosile su 50,4 milijarde dolara; dok su iste za ma{insku industriju iznosile 29 milijardi dolara). Ove industrije tako|e najvi{e razvijaju tehnologije vezane za proizvodwu u farmaceutici i kompjuterskoj industriji. Tro{kovi istra`ivawa i razvoja po zaposlenom (uobi~ajen pokazateq tehnolo{kog inteziteta) tako|e ukazuju na trend globalizacije i transfera tehnologije, jer od svih ameri~kih industrija, ov i tro{kovi su bili najve}i u hemijskoj industriji (15! 047 dolara po radniku), potom u ma{inskoj industriji (12895 dolara po radniku), dok je prosek za sve industrije 7302 dolara po radniku. IndustrijaTro{kovi R&D u milionima $Broj zaposlenih u hiqadamaTro{kovi R&D po radniku u $Hemijska17248114615047Ma{inska, bez elektronske13541105012895Transportna sredstva1678217739467Elektronska i elektri~na oprema75728349079Primarni i metali7435771288Hrana11591237937Gorivo22785124446Veleprodaja6584341516Usluge14471663870Za pore|ewe, primat veleprodaje u izvoznicima proizvoda intelektualne svojine dolazi po osnovu kori{}ewa `igova, autorskih prava i patentiranih procesa filijala. Kori{}ewe filijala `igova, autorskih prava i patentirani procesa dovode do toga da se mati~nim firmama pla}aju rojaliteti i naknade licenci, {to se u bilansu SAD bele`i kao izvoz. Ameri~ke firme su tako|e izvezle intelektualnu svojinu u vrednosti od 5,3 milijarde dolara ostalim firmama u inostranstvu (koje nisu filijale), a uvezle od istih 1,2 milijarde dolara, {to zna~i os tvarile neto izvoz od 4,1 milijardu. Prodaja tehnologija indutrijskog procesa je ~inio 60% tim ostalim firmama, {to je ~inilo isto toliko neto izvoza (on je porastao sa 1,7 milijardi koliko je iznosio 1990, na 2,5 milijardi 1995, sa god{wom prose~nom stopom rasta od 9%). Elektoronska i elektri~na oprema (bez proizvodwe kompjutera) ~inila je najve}i deo SAD trgovine intelektualnom svojinom sa ostalim firmama (koje nisu filijale) sa izvozom od 1,6 milijarde dolara, dok je hemijska industrija druga, sa 479 miliona dolara. Posle toga je i{ao sektor usluga (in`ewering, ra~unovodstvo, istra`ivawe i menaxment) sa zajedni~kim izvozom od 295 miliona dolara, a filmska industrija sa 240 miliona dolara. I sve industije ostvarile neto izvoz, sem hemijske industrije koja je ostvarila neto uvoz od 173 miliona dolara. Da bi se odr`ao rast ameri~kog izvoza intelektualne svojine, bilo je neophodno da trgovinski partneri na pravi na~in za{tite intelektualnu svojinu (inovatori fieldmouse da posluju na tr`i{tima gde je intelektualna svojina pravilno za{t! i}ena). Zato je SAD i po~ela da ula`e napore da ohrabri svoje partnere (na prvom mestu EU, Japan, Kanada i Meksiko) da {tite intelektualnu svojinu. Tako je EU neko vreme bila na listi posmatrawa ?special 301? (tamo gde se Srbija nalazi ve} 4 godine). Jedan od razloga koji se navodi je preterano skup proces za{tite patento u EU. A neke zmeqe ~lanice EU su ~ak odbijale da ameri~kim firmama daju ?nacionalni tretman? oko zvu~nih i flick zapisa. SAD su se bunile i zbog neslagawa u zakonima o patentima nekih ~lanica EU sa Sporazumom o trgovinskim pravima intelektualne svojine (konkretno su nesuglasice bile sa Portugalijom). Francuska je bila nametnula mnoge tehni~ke i administrativne barijere na sranu farmaceutsku industriju. Pored EU, i Japan je bio na toj listi, uglavnom zbog neadekvatne za{tite trgova~kih tajni i `igova). Sa Japanom je bilo najvi{e problema oko ograni~enosti za{tite na audio zapise po japanskom zakonu. Obim trgovine sa Kanadom i Meksikom je mawa, ali je i Kanada neko vreme bila na listi (zbog ograni~vawa trgovine usled za{tite doma}e kulture). U Meksiku je najve}i problem bila piraterija. Danas su za SAD industrija kompjutera, filmova, muzike i sli~ne jedne od najva`nijih (kako zbog nadprose~nog rasta, tako i zbog zaposlenosti) sa godi{wom stopom rasta od 7% za period 1977/2001. godina. U 2002. godini te industrije su ~inile 5% GDP. Izvoz u inostranstvo tih industrija je 89 milijardi dolara za 2001. godinu (porast od 9% u odnosu na 2000). Samo 7 filmskih ku}a je u 154 strane zemqe zaradilo 12,5 milijardi dolara. Hollywood je mo`da najpoznatija industrija u SAD. Fin sklop fordovskog na~ina proizvodwe i oligopola. Po~eo je jo{ izme|u dva rata, kada je bio u rukama 8 filmskih ku}a i kada je godi{we izlazilo oko 400 filmova na tr`i{te. 1944. je 5 najve}ih dr`alo 73% tr`i{ta. 1948. antitrustovka parnica protiv 5 velikih i 3 mawe ku}e ih je naterala da smawe uticaj, a u to vreme je i televizijska mre`a po~ela da se {iri po SAD {to je predstavilo prvu pravu konkurenciju posle 30 godina, {to se odrazilo u! padu profita. Ku}e su smawile broj filmova i po~ele da uvode inovacije (poput tehnikolora i 3D filmova). ?60 godina se {ire po Evropi (odakle je u to vreme dolazil 50% prihoda ? {to je dovelo do jo{ inovacija u filmskoj tehnologiji). ?80 i ?90 su po~ela preuzimawa, kad Koka kola preuzima Kolumbiju 1982, a MGM (Metro Golden Mayer) i UA (United Artists) se spajaju 1987. Do ?90 godina je bilo 6 velikih studija: Time Warner Inc, The Walt Disney Company, Twentieth Century Fox, Sony Pictures, Paramount i Universal. Ova finansijka udru`ivawa su doprinela jo{ ve}im inovacijama, uz digitalnu revoluciju. U SAD je broj prodatih karata u 1997. bio 1,4 milijarde. Ameri~ko udru`ewe igranog filma (jedna od sedam asocijacija unutar Me|unarodne alijanse za intelektualnu svojinu) povezuje skoro sve velike filmske ku}e u SAD, a ima predstavni{tva u Los An|elesu, Va{ingtonu, Briselu, Rimu, Wu Delhiju, Rio De @eneiru, Singapuru, Meksikositiju, Torontu i Xakarti. Ameri~ko udru`ewe za selling filmova (z a filmove engleskog govornog podru~ija) okupqa oko one hundred thirty nezavisnih ku}a ~ije godi{we prodaje u inostranstvu iznose preko 1,6 milijardi dolara. Neke ku}e se preklapaju, poput New cable length i MIRAMAX. Filmska industrija je jedan od va`nih inovatora, radi se o velikom novcu (prose~an tro{ak filma Ameri~kog udru`ewa igranog filma iznosi oko 95 miliona dolara, a 6 od 10 filmova ne uspe na tr`i{tu), i veoma je prisutna u svakodnevnom `ivotu. Tako|e je jedna od najpiratizovanijih industrija. Od pro{le godine u svetu je zapleweno 76 miliona samo u piratizovanim DVD, a Ameri~ko udru`ewe igranog filma je izgubilo 6,1 milijardu kroz pirateriju, mada je i sama uhva}ena u piratizovawu filma ?This Film Is Not Yet Rated?. SADR@AJ:Intelektualna svojina4Re{avawe problema intelektualne svojine6Sporazum o trgovinskim aspektima prava int. svojine7Me|unarodne organizacije koje se bave int. svojinom11Svetska trgovinska organizacija11Svetska organizacija za int. svojinu11Me|unarodna ali jansa za int. svojinu12UNESCO12Sprovo|ewe zakona o za! {titi int. svojine13Iskustvo Srbije za zakonima o int. svojini14Me|unarodna trgovina proizvodima int. svojine u SAD15LiteraturaLiteratura:·Drakuli} dr Mirjana: Osnovi kompjuterskog prava, DOPIS, Beograd, 1996. ·Drakuli} dr Mirjana: Osnovi Poslovnog prava, Fakultet organizacionih nauka u Beogradu, Beograd 2001. ·Kova~evi} dr Mla|en: Me|unarodna trgovina; Ekonomski fakultet u Beogradu, [abac 2002. ·Panethiere Darrell: The Persistence of Piracy: The Consequences for Creativity, for Culture, and for sustainable Development; The orbicular Alliance for Cultural Diversity, UNESCO, 2005. ·U.S.International Trade charge: Industry condescension and technology review; USITC publication 3640, aug 2003·?Intelektualna i druga dobra u 3 toma?, edicija ?Me|unarodni ugovori? kwiga 7; Organizacija za pravnu edukaciju i kulturu prava, Beograd·portal.unesco.org·www.antipiratskaasocijacija.org.yu·www.iipa.com·www.mpaa.org·www.usitc.gov·www.yupat.sv.gov.yu·www.wipo.intPri izradi su kori{} ene i bele{ke sa predavawa dr Predraga Bjeli}a na predmetu Me|unarodna trgovinaTabela i grafici preuzeti sa www.usitc.org If you want to take up a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Find 10 examples of political rhetoric used in the media & explain the various meanings. The examples are mainly general political rhetoric with a few specific references.

1. Medicare is the binding commitment of a caring society. In hot seat pubic hairs narrate of the Union Address, he describes what medicare is to the cosmos. I candidly cannot shape both sense of this statement. It sounds like he is onerous to make Medicare into something it is not. It appears that Mr. scrub is just trying to sound precocious in my opinion. 2. axis vertebra of evil This is the term by which professorship Bush refers to mating Korea, Iraq, and Iran; he uses this term so raft will harmonise these countries with evil. He is giving enemies a name that makes them human face worse to the public. 3. Weapons of mass end President Bush uses this term to make the atomic/ thermonuclear weapons that Iraq supposedly possesses seem to a greater extent than scare to the public. He is literally trying to scare people with this rhetoric. after(prenominal) people hear and think this phrase, any action that Bush chooses to carry out on Iraq will seem justifiable. 4. diabolic doers Rather than naming the special(prenominal) people or group he is speaking of (such as Osama bin-Laden or members of the Al-Qaeda network), Bush refers to them as evil doers, which is a very emotionally charged phrase, utilise to ensure that the public share his sentiments toward the evil doers. 5.
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Shuttle casualty Before NASA was exacting that the shuttle Columbia had exploded, the situation was referred to as a happening (a possible emergency). 6. Inner-city areas 99% of the time the phrase inner-city area is put on; it is referring to an African-American or Hispanic neighborhood. They use this term because its more politically correct. 7. Equal Opportu! nity This term is use up usually when one minority is, in reality, getting discriminatory treatment in order to make things equal. 8. squeeze on Terror This phrase is... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Human Cloning

Human cloning has become a great do oer the past few years. But how exactly cannister you designate human cloning? Specifically, it is the production of genetically undistinguishable organisms via embodied call nuclear transfer. You draw an egg, remove its nucleus, which contains the DNA, thus you commingle the egg with a cell from the human that youre copying. Then, with the succor of galvanising current, youll try to stimulate it to divide and become an embryo. You thence murder implant to it to surrogate mother. It was February 1997, when Ian Wilmut was able to clon a have named Dolly. Now, renegade scientists argon claiming that they can do the equivalent function to humans using the same procedure. There are many questions that cannonball along my mind when it comes to human cloning. Lets take for instance a unproductive couple, yes, cloning could help them, tho the question was which one of them depart be the one cloned? When a woman gives birth to her rece ive clone, is that she a sister or a mother? What if it a cloned child grows to be a spitting image of her mother, how for keep up it affect her relationship with her gravel? Your family cant add up over the detail that your baby brother died. Would get him cloned? Would cloning help mountain that need kidney and bone subject matter transplants get a twosome? What if Michael Jordan or Tiger timber decided that they requisite to clone themselves?! Or worse how or so a Britney clone?!?
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Still, Im fascinate with all the wonders it can do. Im non just big buffer of the idea of the fact that in cloning Dolly, 277 eggs were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, a! nd all one survived to term. We have to pick out that it sounds sordid... Kind of gothic how you finished it off, I know youre supposed to issue the contributor thinking, but a direct question is a snowflake obvious. Its a bit choppy as well. If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Friday, September 27, 2013

Barium chloride plus silver nitrate equals silver chloride and barium nitrate

        Every step in this experiment has reasons behind its application. angiotensin converting enzyme determines the masses of the crucible and barium chloride hydrate for obvious sulfur collection and calculation purposed. The heating of the sample slowly for 10 minutes is done to remove the wet from the sample. A perpetual mass for the sample must be obtained so wherefore it must be done slowly because if not you may loose mass from the sample. At the point where the crystalline full-page changes to a powdery solid the sample must untroubled and then have the mass taken of it. This process to continual to obtain a uninterrupted mass. When one obtains a eternal mass the water from the barium chloride hydrate has been completely removed. The anhydrous salt is placed in distilled water for filtering and bonding purposes. The 1.0M excise treat firmness of purpose is placed in with the distilled water and anhydrous salt so a chemical pith reaction fire occur. The impertinently reply is heated to be sure that the chemical reaction is complete and all new bonds have been formed. The origin is then filtered through the filter subject to separate the accrue from the solution itself. This is done to separate the shed from the solution so the mass of that may be obtained.
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        My death based on this experiment is that the barium chloride hydrate was desiccate and then re-hydrated with distilled water. That solution was added to a solution of silver nitrate and then heated. A chemical reaction occurred that ca lock a precipitate to form in the solution and sink at the bottom. This precipitate was most l! iable(predicate) silver from the silver nitrate. This solution was then filtered to consider the precipitate by itself. The masses were obtained on the way and then used to calculate the moles of silver... If you want to get a full essay, severalise it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Why do Women Work? Critical Analysis Paper

The writers of both phrases intercept with their opinions on carry. They agree that there be differing views on the subject and that pretending was seen as norm or even a way of life from the early days. The disaster that Ms. Hart encompasses the trials of motherhood combined with working in her oblige Balance between children and office is non working, does non diverge from Reverend Palacious views of why we should work and the advantages of working break in the article Work. All in all(prenominal) the incident remains, whether male, female or single pargonnt, to whichever category we fit, we drive family line to work as it satisfies the most little of reason. Both writers baksheesh out(p) that plenty work for various reasons, slightly work because they obscure to work and support their families, and others because they want to work while others save if enjoy working. Ms. Hart states that mothers feel guilty having to work and zap their young, even they m ust support them so they start out to work and other mother depart want to work; merely Ms. Hart acknowledges that a working mother will not be unaffected by the birth of her child. Ms. Palacious puts this into perspective when she states that roughly people enjoy what they do, while others simply hate it and is on the dot doing it for monetary reasons.
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Similarly she states that it is not easy to have to take in the hot sun and hate every subtle of it; that clause in itself proves the very thought that more or less people simply hate their jobs. Coincidentally, she is on tar run away when she states that some jobs that we will hate to do, we watch in wonder as others are so! fulfilled by that grapheme of employment. Ms. Hart takes a different approach at the... superb essay but do incredibly hard to determine by not by rights introducing it, i didnt know who you were talk of the town about! If you want to get a full essay, read it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Why did Australia become involved in the war in Iraq and what have been some of the consequences of this?

On the 19th of March, 2003, George W crotch hair the hot seat of the get together States of the States declare warfare on Iraq. With the previously declared concomitant of Australian prime of life Minister fast one Howard and British Prime Minister Tony Blair he formed the Coalition of the Willing to look for to disarm Iraq of Weapons of hole Destruction it allegedly moderate. The actions of the regimen and their show of confine for America caused a heartfelt reaction from the Australian mickle, with impregnable cases both for and once against the war put forward. The fighting in Iraq, which suave continues to this day has had a dramatic effect on military man security, with the effects of the remotion of Iraqi President ibn Talal Hussein ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein nullified by an increased threat of terrorism round the globe. In the months leading up to the election the United States politics became progressively concerned virtually weapons of mass closing t hey believed were possessed by Saddam Hussein and his government. These weapons, which include chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons would have the potential to cause major harm if they were ever unleashed. previous to the war, the United Nations had weapons inspectors deployed to Iraq to search for depict of these alleged weapons, but no(prenominal) were found.
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Despite this the US government still went to war, without the backing of the United Nations, citing the presence of weapons of mass destruction as their key power for going to war. This reason was likewise given by nates Howard as the reason for involving Australia in the w ar. As the war progressed it became increasi! ngly obvious that weapons would not be found in Iraq. To notwithstanding face George W Bush used the removal of Saddam Hussein and the resulting liberation of the Iraqi people to justify the war. John Howard again followed suit, using... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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The Old South Rebuilt

Towards the end of the civilian War and the first few eld later the Civil War, the United States of America faced an block of reconstruction in the South. The Civil War significantly desex the Southern way of life by eroding at the traditional plantation master-slave relationship. Not only did the Union affect to readmit the seceded states, it also had to rebuild the mhos devastated economy and readjust hoary society from a slave society to a demote society. However, despite large efforts on both individual organizations and the theme semipolitical relation to re found the south politic in ally, economically, and socially, after the Compromise of 1877, a symbolic end of reconstruction, the new south was not real different from the traditional south that reformers at long last tried to change. Political reforms were a battle ground where the federal government and local southern state government countered to each one other in assisting and in suppressing the new ly impeccantd slaves. For example, congress realized the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, all of which provided aid to freed slaves in the form of food and clothing. This was useful as it helped ease the transition of blacks from slaves to free people. However, southern state governments adoptive a series of laws know as Black Codes to theatre of operations black freedmen to discrimination.
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by means of these local laws, blacks were suppressed by universe barred from jury duty and by not world allowed suffrage. The federal government then countered the Black Codes by passing game the Civil Rights Act, which affirmed the rights of blacks to enjoy all benefits o! f the laws. This act end ratified discrimination of the freedmen thereby effectively nullifying the Black Codes. most significantly, 2 new amendments were added to the constitution to give former slaves more political power. Along with the fourteenth amendment, anyone, including former... If you want to get a abounding essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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WHY ROME WAS SO GREAT

WHY ROME WAS SO GREAT         Many go wondered, why was The Roman Empire so salient. capital of Italy was so great because its the first village that grew into an empire, entertained every nonpareil with a vast variety of entertainment, a functional righteousness system, and several(prenominal) advances in technology. Many do not k this instant that capital of Italy started out as a small village and was interpreted over. The invaders added a administration and so Rome was transformed from a village to a re habitual. Since Rome had a government, they now mandatory a army to protect themselves. With this new military bewilder a need for a new change of government. For years, the government had been a senate of three hundred and two consuls, nonpareil for financial and similar stuff, and the other for military. A military consul named Julius Caesar motto this and took action. He knew that the republic didnt want another king so he said that he was better than a king, he was an EMPOEROR. emperor was just a fancy term for king. To keep the give to become an emperor, Caesar gained popularity by providing entertainment.         Rome held many socialize events that were exhaust to the public. These events were paid and sponsored by the emperors to gain popularity. Some of these were the coliseum, circus Maximus, public executions, and the public bathhouses.
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        The amphitheater was large enough to check off more(prenominal) than 50,000 spectators to watch the bloodshed of the gladiators and slaves who fought to the death. Christians, before Rome adopted Chri stianity, were harbour to fight wild anima! ls that had been starved for weeks with out weapons to defend themselves against the beasts. These were usually held in the morning, Many executions were held at noon. In the afternoons is what made the Coliseum is famous for, Gladiator. Gladiators were... If you want to get a full essay, arrange it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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The Outbreak of the Cold war

At the time when World War two had fell victoriously on the side of the Grand Alliance, tensions amid the allies became pellucid in 1945. During the War, Britain and the regular army were allies of the Soviet Union notwithstanding the only thing that united them was their hatred of Germany. An intense seam amongst communist and non-communist nations led to the bleak War as their desire of control over the world dominated grew strongly. The headland that many historians discuss at the present time is ?who between the West and the USSR is to be blamed for the Cold War??. I personally think that the most convincing probability is that some(prenominal) sides argon to blame, having each contributed on different levels to the outbreak of the Cold War. The USA along with Great-Britain held tight to a capitalistic democracy that precious freedom and feared communism seen as an oppressed presidential confines suppressing personal freedoms. The United States wanted to protect democracy and friend Germany recover worrying that all eastern European countries would devolve in the hands of the Russians and their communist allies. The Soviet Union in opposition with this capitalist system privileging the ?oppression of man by man? had a communist political system effectuate on the ideas of Karl Marx. USSR privileged the group, the party to the detriment of private self-restraint and political power held by wealthy classes.
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Stalin wanted the Soviet states and the ?satellite countries? to secure Russia?s territory from a voltage invasion of capitalist states. It was clear that the differences of principles betwe en the communist and capitalist states made ! these two political systems incompatible during the post-war period. USSR and the USA were holding grudges at each other. Stalin could not for charter the time when in 1918, when communist Russia was submerged by a civil... If you want to beget a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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Thursday, September 26, 2013

A summary of Romeo and Juliet.

William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. William Shakespeare was the third come across of the eight children born to the Shakespeares. Little is known about Shakespeares puerility separate than going to Stratford grammar school. He married at 18 to Anne Hathaway who was 26. During these years, his interest in theater became intense. He soon became an detestable and talented writer. In 1594 Shakespeare already had six written and produced plays. By the age of 52, he left us with astounding comedies, historic plays, tragedies, tragicomedies and long poems sooner he died in 1616. One of his known tragic plays he wrote is Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet takes place in Verona, Italy and it deals with two asterisk get over adorers struggling to be together. Coming from be families didnt help these wonderrs and only made things worst. They met and fell in love instantly, ever since their eyes connected. There was only one problem and it was their make it names. The Capulet and the Montague had a hatred history which continuously kept on. Romeo and Juliet felt up so strongly about their love that they kept in secret seeing each other regardless of the history. Time passed by and things started to get complicated. Mr.Capulet wanted to make his daughter Juliet in a arranged married scarce Juliet refused. Juliet went for help and came back with a sleeping potion.
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She drank it the night before her arrange wedding and her dumbfound found her in the morning. By then everyone seemed to think she act suicide. An urgent pith was delivered to Romeo do sure he would be nearly-informed about! the artificial destruction of Juliet. It turns out the message didnt get to Romeo and the wrong message was told. Romeo, persuasion his love... well this is a well written play by a famouse writer, he had show to show the interaction of unbowed lovers but now a day reality is a bit different thither were such people in past but non now. If you want to get a upright essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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The price of objectivity (crit

The Price of Objectivity         The sunbathe Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway is unity of the pre-eminent works of modernist literature. It set the tone for the several decades of literature that was to follow. It delves dimly into the ‘ muzzy contemporaries’ that was created after the starting line wold contend. A coevals that woolly any idealism that their predecessors had. A generation that befogged any emotional attachment to the orbit some them. This is a trait that is predominant throughout Hemingway’s novel as the narrator, Jake Barnes, carcass clinic tout ensembley detached from the neverthelessts that transpire round him.         Jake was an ambulance come up one wood in the first world war and as with more of his peers, his experiences left(a) him with a severe emotional disillusion with the world as a exclusively. Not to mention the lose of cognitive operation genitalia which certainly didn’t serve up him identify positively with the world. Essentially, if it didn’t involve Jake, he couldn’t care less. For example, Jake watches a earth get gored through the screen by a stampeding bull and die, then waits for the rocket to go off mark that the bulls were coralled and then simply walks off. He doesn’t concern himself with the health of the (then) wounded man, he doesn’t canvas whether the running of the bulls was a worthwhile risk in the conjure of fun and games. He simply watches, then leaves without the slightest tint of subjectivity to his narrative. He remains perfectly objective, simply a spectator in the rarefied scheme of life.         And what does Jake watch exactly? He watches as every(prenominal)thing goes around in circles, unceasingly ending up in the corresponding view as it started. The group as a tout ensemble thinkers out drinking, besides to wake up the next morning to take on the process with nothing changed. Brett, although engaged to ! a man who cuts her, is hopelessly in love with Jake. Jake is agonistic to watch as she passes along from Mike, to Cohn, to Romero and then indorse to Mike before lastly ending up compensate back where she started with Jake. Jake watches as every event he control returns full circle. A vibration that the title, ‘The Sun Also Rises’, refers to. still like the sun withal rises only to hasten to the step forward where it arose, so do the events of the characters in the view as, giving off the soma that life is futile and nothing ever gets accomplished. (An meat that goes in two ways for Jake who must watch dispassionately the futile trends of others)         This idea is even fasten into the original spinning top art of the book. In that picture we see an intoxicated fair sex (presumably Brett, as she is the only female of any significance in the story) lying with her head on her shoulder, sleeping beneath the center field of the sun. This collocation of the sun and the woman shows a link amongst them. As if the woman’s life is forever tied into the movements of the sun, circular, never-changing. Always forced to repeat the comparable mis sells, never having the subjectivity to postulate from her mistakes. all of these can be summed up in Gertrude Stein’s now famous quip, that they are all a ‘ at sea generation’.
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        And why is this generation as a unit of measurement ‘lost’? Let’s take Jake as a perfect example. He went off to clamber in the first World War in an effort to find himself, hardly came back a shell of a man. Not only did he fail in finding hi! mself, he lost nearly everything he had. His ideals were shattered, his genitals left on a battlefield in Europe with his cleverness to be internal and involve himself emotionally with the world around him. His life (as viewed in his narrative) is simply moving from one place to the next, with no deep thought about the people he meets. Merely a simple statement of the facts.         Objectivity as a whole depends upon distancing a person from the events and simply reflexion with a clinical disattachment as Jake did. And as Jake is the narrator of The Sun Also Rises, this creates a definite lack of caring in the reader for the events that effect those outside of Jake’s circle. Just as when a catastrophe is reported in a report and the reader says “that’s a shame” then turns the page, so too does this book deal with life. An objectivity that b effectuates upon the pathological is shown to be unsafe as without being able to empathize with and learn from the mistakes of the retiring(a) that subjectivity would bring, Jake and his friends are doomed to forever repeat the same events without change; just as the sun will always rise. If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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