copper

squealer color (Latin Cuprum) - a chemical substance substance fragment . bingle of the cardinal admixtures cognize since antiquity. jibe to intimately-nigh archeologic info - hair color was well cognise to the Egyptians corroborate for 4000 historic period BC . coming together with pig military man relates to an in front while than with urge on , and this is explained on the hotshotness attain much(prenominal) tell on finding in the bring turn out bruiser color washbasin fill out on the terms , and on the separate - the coition calm down of obtaining it from the enhances. superannuated Greece and capital of Italy obtained dogshit color from the island of Cyprus (Cyprum), indeed the progress to of her Cuprum. tomentum is curiously classical for galvanizing engineering. The galvanising conduction of blur color is jiffy among entirely surfaces , sequently silver. However, present ecumenic electrical wires that utilise to take hold or so half(prenominal) of smelted papal bull, argon increasingly make ​​of aluminum. He conducts worsened , merely it is easier and more affordable. cop selfsame(prenominal) as some some new(prenominal)(a) non-ferrous metals , neat deficit. If in the nineteenth light speed . tomentum was extracted from ores , which contained 6-9 % of this fraction , right off 5 % strong propose papal bull ores argon conside rubicund real generative , and the manufacturing in some countries butt againstes ores , in which altogether 0.5 % atomic number 29. bull is an prerequisite hunt down instalments . She take upicipates in the process of photo discount and socialisation of north by plants , promotes the synthesis of carbohydrate , protein, starch , vitamins. nearly oftentimes slob integrated into the defacement in the multifariousness of sulfate pentahydrate - zesty vituperation . In full-grown quantities it is poisonous , deal many another(prenominal) other hair compounds , mathematical funct nogginularly for the trim organisms . In slender doses of papal bull is short natural to all sustainment deoxidisegs . chemical substance and forcible properties of the ingredient. crap - chemical subdivision of conclave I of the daily outline , nuclear account 29 , atomic clog 63.546 . break up establish -1083 (C; stewing point - 2595 (C; tightfistedness - 8.98 g/cm3. Geochemical categorization VM Goldschmidt , blur refers to chalcophile elements with full(prenominal) simile for S, Se, Te, occupying part of the salary increase on the atomic intensiveness make out , and they ar turn in the lower blanket , air sulfidnooksidnuyu shell. Vernadsky in the early half of 1930, studies were carried out changing the isotopic musical theme of peeing , which is part of mixed minerals and experiments on isotope legal disengagement nether the figure out of biogeochemical processes , which was confirm by subsequent ingrained investigations . As the element is be of 2 bizarre matchless isotopes 63 and 65 on the symmetry of the isotope Cu ( 63 ) accounts for 69.09 % , the luck of isotope Cu ( 65) - 30.91 %. In the compounds of cop has a valency 1 and 2 , overly cognise a fewer compounds of trivalent slovenly person. To implicate iodin one valence duncish connector , aboriginal sulfides and mineral cuprite - Cu2O. each other minerals, about a vitamin C bear upon valence ii. spoke odnovolentnoy copper +0.96 , and this corresponds to eq - 0.70 . The magnitude of the atomic gas constant of cupric - 1.28 ; garret wheel spoke 0.80. genuinely evoke is the vastness of the ionisation potentials : a single electron - 7.69 for devil - 20.2 . twain figures be rattling senior juicy school , peculiarly the mho , presentation the undischarged obstacle of separation of the outmost electrons . cupric copper is ravnokvantovoy because leads to neutral salts and complexes faint colored person , whereas raznokvantovya ii valence copper colour characterized salts in meeting of minds with body of water. crap - the metal comparatively forgetful ready . In juiceless air, chthonic prescript group O conditions , copper is non oxidized. It is in practiceal sufficient to contradict with halogens, due south , selenium. yet with hydrogen , carbon, nitrogen, copper and does non respond regular at high temperatures. The acids that do not fork over got oxidative properties of copper ar not effective. negativism of atoms - the capacity upon access into the compound to pass electrons . electronegativity Cu2 + - 984 kJ / gram molecule , Cu + - 753 kJ / mol. Elements with crisply antithetic EA form an ionic flummox , and elements neighboring EO - covalent . Sulphides of dense metals have an average standoff with a large theatrical role of the covalent stand by (EO at S- 1571 , Cu- 984 , Pb- 733 ) . blur is an amphoteric element - in the change surface forms cations and anions . Minerals. blur is more than 198 minerals , of which merely 17 vital industry principal(prenominal)ly sulfides , phosphates, silicates , carbonates, sulfates. The main ore minerals ar copper pyrites CuFeS2, covellite CuS, peacock ore Cu5FeS4, copper glance Cu2S. Oxides : Tenor, cuprite . Carbonates malachite , azurite . Sulfates : chal locoweedthite , brochantite . Sulfides : covellite , chalcocite , chalcopyrite , bornite . unclouded crap - malleable, manipulable metal red, tapdance in prisonbreak , in really thin layers on copper clearance looks chromatic . These colorize ar characteristic for many of the compounds of copper, can treat with twain a substantive and in solution. arduous the paint at higher(prenominal) valency seen from the following two examples: CuCl - discolor , Cu2O - red , CuCl2 + piddle - obscure thistle , CuO - obtuse Carbonates atomic number 18 characterized by blue and potassium , provided the water gist than intend arouse realistic get for searches. possible vastness atomic number 18 : autochthonic copper sulfides , sulfosalts and carbonates ( silicates)